A constrained extended Kalman filter for the optimal estimate of kinematics and kinetics of a sagittal symmetric exercise.

This paper presents a method for real-time estimation of the kinematics and kinetics of a human body performing a sagittal symmetric motor task, which would minimize the impact of the stereophotogrammetric soft tissue artefacts (STA). The method is based on a bi-dimensional mechanical model of the locomotor apparatus the state variables of which (joint angles, velocities and accelerations, and the segments lengths and inertial parameters) are estimated by a constrained extended Kalman filter (CEKF) that fuses input information made of both stereophotogrammetric and dynamometric measurement data. Filter gains are made to saturate in order to obtain plausible state variables and the measurement covariance matrix of the filter accounts for the expected STA maximal amplitudes.

Immunoreactivity of PMP-22, P0, and other 19 to 28 kDa glycoproteins in peripheral nerve myelin of mammals and fish with HNK1 and related antibodies.

Mammalian peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin contains several glycoproteins with molecular weights of 19 to 28 kDa, including the major 28 kDa P0 glycoprotein and a recently cloned protein called PMP-22. Some glycoproteins in this M(r) range in humans, cats and some other mammals react with HNK1, a mouse monoclonal antibody that identifies a carbohydrate epitope shared between the immune system and a number of adhesion proteins in the nervous system. A variety of antibodies to P0, PMP-22, and the carbohydrate determinants reacting with HNK1 were used to characterize immunochemically these 19 to 28 kDa glycoproteins of cat PNS myelin.

Sensory neuropathy associated with monoclonal immunoglobulin M to GD1b ganglioside.

A 67-year-old woman with a sensory polyneuropathy was shown to have a serum monoclonal immunoglobulin M lambda antibody with a titer of 1:10,000 toward GD1b ganglioside. The immunoglobulin M also reacted with some other gangliosides containing disialosyl groups such as GD2, GD3, and GQ1b, but it did not react with GM1, LM1, or GD1a. The principal reactive ganglioside in human cauda equina was GD1b.

Anti-GM1 ganglioside antibodies with differing fine specificities in patients with multifocal motor neuropathy.

Antibodies to gangliosides were detected in sera from three of 19 patients with chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy (CIP) by a thin-layer chromatogram overlay technique. All three of the patients fell into a clinical subset of the group that had multifocal motor neuropathy, and in all three patients the antibodies reacted with GM1 ganglioside. However, the fine specificities of the antibodies differed as demonstrated by cross-reactivity with different gangliosides in each of the three patients.

Ornithine aminotransferase activity, liver ornithine concentration and acute ammonia intoxication.

5-Fluoromethylornithine (5FMOrn) is a specific inactivator of L-ornithine:2-oxoacid aminotransferase (OAT). Inactivation of OAT causes the enhancement of L-ornithine (Orn) concentrations in all tissues. Intraperitoneal or oral administration of 10-50 mg/kg of 5FMOrn per day to albino mice rendered partial protection against lethal intoxication with 26 mmol/kg of ammonium acetate.