Conserved -Acting Range Extender Element Mediates Extreme Long-Range Enhancer Activity in Mammals.

While most mammalian enhancers regulate their cognate promoters over moderate distances of tens of kilobases (kb), some enhancers act over distances in the megabase range. The sequence features enabling such extreme-distance enhancer-promoter interactions remain elusive. Here, we used enhancer replacement experiments in mice to show that short- and medium-range enhancers cannot initiate gene expression at extreme-distance range.

Increased enhancer-promoter interactions during developmental enhancer activation in mammals.

Remote enhancers are thought to interact with their target promoters via physical proximity, yet the importance of this proximity for enhancer function remains unclear. Here we investigate the three-dimensional (3D) conformation of enhancers during mammalian development by generating high-resolution tissue-resolved contact maps for nearly a thousand enhancers with characterized in vivo activities in ten murine embryonic tissues. Sixty-one percent of developmental enhancers bypass their neighboring genes, which are often marked by promoter CpG methylation.

New technologies promoting active upper limb rehabilitation after stroke: an overview and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: The primary aim of this work was to summarize and compare the effects of active rehabilitation assisted by new technologies (virtual reality [VR], robot-assisted therapy [RAT] and telerehabilitation [TR)) on upper limb motor function and everyday living activity during the subacute and chronic phases of stroke. The secondary aims were to compare the effects of these technologies according to the intervention design (in addition to or in substitution of conventional therapy), the duration of active rehabilitation and the severity of patients' motor impairments.

Evidence Acquisition: Several databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane Library, were searched.

A repeating fast radio burst source in a globular cluster.

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are flashes of unknown physical origin. The majority of FRBs have been seen only once, although some are known to generate multiple flashes. Many models invoke magnetically powered neutron stars (magnetars) as the source of the emission.