Effects of E-Liquids and Their Aerosols on Biofilm Formation and Growth of Oral Commensal Streptococcal Communities: Effect of Cinnamon and Menthol Flavors.

(1) Background: The rise in electronic cigarette (E-cigarette) popularity, especially among adolescents, has prompted research to investigate potential effects on health. Although much research has been carried out on the effect on lung health, the first site exposed to vaping-the oral cavity-has received relatively little attention. The aims of this study were twofold: to examine the effects of E-liquids on the viability and hydrophobicity of oral commensal streptococci, and the effects of E-cigarette-generated aerosols on the biomass and viability of oral commensal streptococci.

Early protein restriction in rats induces anhedonia in adult offspring: A key role of BDNF-TrkB signaling in the nucleus accumbens shell.

Clinical evidence suggests that early malnutrition promotes symptoms related to psychiatric disorders later in life. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underpinning nutritional injury induce depression remains unknown. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether perinatal protein restriction increases vulnerability to developing depressive-like behavior in adulthood by focusing on anhedonia, a core symptom of depression.

Physical Activity Interventions for Adults Aged 60+ Years in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review.

Background: Most reviews investigating physical activity interventions for older people consider evidence primarily from high-income countries. This review examined physical activity interventions for older people from low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: We searched 9 electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials or quasi-randomized trials studies investigating physical activity interventions for people aged 60+ in low- and middle-income countries.

Perinatal Protein Restriction Impacts Nuclear O-GalNAc Glycosylation in Cells of Liver and Brain Structures of the Rat.

Background: Post-translational modifications are key factors in the modulation of nuclear protein functions controlling cell physiology and an individual's health.

Objectives: This study examined the influence of protein restriction during the perinatal period on the nuclear O-N-acetylgalactosamine (O-GalNAc) glycosylation of cells from the liver and parts of the brain in the rat.

Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups on day 14 of pregnancy and fed ad libitum 1 of 2 isocaloric diets containing 24% (well-fed) or 8% (protein-restricted diet) casein until the end of the experiment.

Mechanistic Effects of E-Liquids on Biofilm Formation and Growth of Oral Commensal Streptococcal Communities: Effect of Flavoring Agents.

Vaping has become a global health concern. As research continues, more studies are beginning to question the relative safety of E-liquid flavoring additives. The oral cavity is the first site of exposure to E-liquid aerosol, making it critical for investigation.