Long-term health-related quality of life in children with lymphatic malformations treated with sclerotherapy generally matched age-appropriate standardised population norms.

Aim: We assessed the long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children who received sclerotherapy for lymphatic malformations. This treatment involved injecting drugs into the blood vessels to make them shrink.

Methods: Our cross-sectional study retrospectively reviewed patients who received OK-432 sclerotherapy injections at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, from 1998 to 2013.

TLR4 preconditioning is associated with low success of OK-432 treatment for lymphatic malformations in children.

Purpose: We have recently shown that the relative TLR4 expression on monocytes of low responding pediatric patients after OK-432 treatment is significantly reduced after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared with high responding children. The aim of this study was to perform further analysis to explain this observation.

Methods: Monocytes from children with high (HR, n = 5) and low response (LR, n = 6) after previous OK-432 treatment were stimulated with LPS for 20 h and analyzed with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (mean fluorescence intensity, MFI; level of significance P ≤ 0.

Patients with lymphatic malformations who receive the immunostimulant OK-432 experience excellent long-term outcomes.

Aim: Sclerotherapy is the primary treatment for lymphatic malformations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome in patients with lymphatic malformations treated with the immunostimulant OK-432 as a sclerosant.

Methods: Between 1998 and 2013, we enrolled 131 of 138 eligible patients treated with OK-432 for lymphatic malformations in a retrospective study.

Dynamic Toll-like receptor expression predicts outcome of sclerotherapy for lymphatic malformations with OK-432 in children.

Background: Sclerotherapy with OK-432 is recommended as a first-line treatment for lymphatic malformations. However, 40% of patients show poor response, defined by involution to <50% of the original size. It has been suggested that the OK-432 effect is highly dependent on the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-dependent expression of TLR7 in antigen-presenting cells.

Nerve dysfunction following surgical treatment of cervical non-tuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis in children.

Aim: To present our experience of nerve dysfunction following surgical treatment among 126 children with microbiologically verified non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lymphadenitis.

Methods: We retrieved data from medical records, and a questionnaire with an invitation to a clinical follow-up was returned by 88 families.

Results: The time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was more than 3 months in 24% of subjects.