Maximal-intensity exercise does not fully restore muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activation after 3 days of high-fat dietary intake.

Background & Aims: Exercise activates muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), but moderate intensity exercise fails to fully activate muscle PDC after high-fat diet [1]. We investigated whether maximal intensity exercise overcomes this inhibition.

Methods: Quadriceps femoris muscle biopsy samples were obtained from healthy males at rest, and after 46 and 92 electrically-evoked maximal intermittent isometric contractions, which were preceded by 3 days of either low- (18%) or high- (69%) isocaloric dietary fat intake (LFD and HFD, respectively).

Reference ranges for muscle carnitine concentration in children.

Background: We investigated muscle and plasma carnitine concentrations in children to establish reference intervals for use following biopsy of skeletal muscle.

Methods: The study comprised 50 children from newborns up to 14 years of age, all undergoing elective surgery. They were divided into six age groups, the youngest 0-2 days and the oldest 11-14 years.

Metabolic effects in neonates receiving intravenous medium-chain triglycerides.

Unlabelled: The effects of two lipid emulsions, one with 50% each of medium-chain and long-chain triglycerides, and a long-chain triglycerides lipid emulsion as a control, were evaluated for lipid and carnitine metabolism and respiratory quotient when given to neonates after major surgery during a short period of total parenteral nutrition. Each group included 10 neonates, and all tolerated the total parenteral nutrition well. The relative contents of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid increased in all lipid esters in plasma and adipose tissue in both groups, indicating that the content of these fatty acids is sufficient even in the medium-chain triglycerides emulsion.

On the interrelationship between hepatic carnitine, fatty acid oxidation, and triglyceride biosynthesis in nephrosis.

The nephrotic syndrome is associated with disturbances in plasma lipid pattern and metabolism. However, the reason for these perturbations is poorly understood. In the present study, we have investigated hepatic triglyceride metabolism in puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic syndrome in rats.

Plasma and tissue levels of lipids, fatty acids and plasma carnitine in neonates receiving a new fat emulsion.

This study was undertaken to compare Intralipid with a new fat emulsion containing gamma-linolenic acid and carnitine, named Pediatric Fat Emulsion 4501, in neonates with regard to lipid and carnitine metabolism over a short period of total parenteral nutrition. There were 10 neonates in each group and they tolerated the total parenteral nutrition well. In spite of the gamma-linolenic acid supplementation in the new emulsion, arachidonic acid decreased significantly in plasma lipid esters and adipose tissue in both groups after 5 d of treatment.