Wolbachia-Based Approaches to Controlling Mosquito-Borne Viral Threats: Innovations, AI Integration, and Future Directions in the Context of Climate Change.

Wolbachia-based mosquito control strategies have gained significant attention as a sustainable approach to reduce the transmission of vector-borne diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya. These endosymbiotic bacteria can limit the ability of mosquitoes to transmit pathogens, offering a promising alternative to traditional chemical-based interventions. With the growing impact of climate change on mosquito population dynamics and disease transmission, Wolbachia interventions represent an adaptable and resilient strategy for mitigating the public health burden of vector-borne diseases.

Gut TLRs and IFN pathway mRNA expression and frequencies of CD4 T Cell expressing CD38 or HLA-DR go in Parallel During HIV Immunopathogenesis.

Whereas much knowledge exists on the expression of IFN pathways in the blood of people living with HIV (PLWH), its role has only recently been appreciated in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the aim was to evaluate the gut mRNA expression levels of innate immune genes involved in the HIV-host interaction and their association with CD4 T cell activation in long-term HAART-experienced PLWH. PLWH had increased TLR4, IFN-α2, IFN-α14, IFN-β and IFNAR1 mRNAs levels in LPLs, as well as increased frequencies of CD4 T lymphocytes expressing CD38 or HLA-DR compared to the healthy donors.

Effective Control of Parasitic Diseases through Local Narratives: Lessons from Thailand and Laos.

In recent decades, technological advancements and scientific progress have significantly improved disease control strategies. However, the exclusive focus on these aspects often overlooks the crucial role of social and cultural factors. Local narratives, reflecting community traditions and beliefs, offer valuable insights that can influence the success of public health interventions.

The issue of climate change and the spread of tropical diseases in Europe and Italy: vector biology, disease transmission, genome-based monitoring and public health implications.

Background: Climate change significantly influences the distribution and severity of tropical diseases. Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events are transforming the habitats of vectors like mosquitoes and ticks, promoting their proliferation and geographic spread. These changes have facilitated the resurgence of diseases such as malaria, dengue, and chikungunya fever in previously unaffected areas, including parts of Europe and Italy.