Aquatic pathogens and biofouling: pilot study of ostreid herpesvirus 1 translocation by bivalves.

Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) has caused mass mortalities in Pacific oysters () in Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. While aquaculture-associated movements of infected Pacific oysters are a well-known cause of OsHV-1 spread once established in a region, translocation biofouling of aquaculture equipment or vessels needs further investigation to explain the more distant spread of OsHV-1. Laboratory experiments were designed to test for transmission of OsHV-1 between infected and naïve Pacific oysters a simulated biofouling translocation scenario.

Psychiatrists' use of electronic communication and social media and a proposed framework for future guidelines.

Background: Recent and ongoing advances in information technology present opportunities and challenges in the practice of medicine. Among all medical subspecialties, psychiatry is uniquely suited to help guide the medical profession's response to the ethical, legal, and therapeutic challenges--especially with respect to boundaries--posed by the rapid proliferation of social media in medicine. Ironically, while limited guidelines exist for other branches of medicine, guidelines for the responsible use of social media and information technology in psychiatry are lacking.