Old strategies, new environments: Reinforcement Learning on social media.

The rise of social media has profoundly altered the social world - introducing new behaviours which can satisfy our social needs. However, it is yet unknown whether human social strategies, which are well-adapted to the offline world we developed in, operate as effectively within this new social environment. Here, we describe how the computational framework of Reinforcement Learning can help us to precisely frame this problem and diagnose where behaviour-environment mismatches emerge.

Ultrahigh-resolution 7-Tesla anatomic magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging of formalin-fixed human brainstem-cerebellum complex.

Introduction: Brain cross-sectional images, tractography, and segmentation are valuable resources for neuroanatomical education and research but are also crucial for neurosurgical planning that may improve outcomes in cerebellar and brainstem interventions. Although ultrahigh-resolution 7-Tesla (7T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) reveal such structural brain details in living or fresh unpreserved brain tissue, imaging standard formalin-preserved cadaveric brain specimens often used for neurosurgical anatomic studies has proven difficult. This study sought to develop a practical protocol to provide anatomic information and tractography results of an human brainstem-cerebellum specimen.

Two new species of Mylochromis (Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi, Africa.

Two new species of Mylochromis Regan 1920 are described from specimens collected on shallow rocky habitats on the northwestern coast of Lake Malawi. The generic designation is based on their prominent oblique-striped pattern and lack of any of the unique features of other Malawi cichlid genera with this pattern. Mylochromis rotundus sp.

Equity Zones: Building the Bridge to Transformation.

This article is a call to action for transformative health equity initiatives empowering communities to address systemic health inequities through expanded implementation and enhanced evaluation of health equity zone models. These models prioritize community capacity building and power sharing for upstream, transformative change, urging increased investment in transformative public health practice. Lessons from Rhode Island and Chicago, Illinois, highlight strategies for preventing health inequities and reducing downstream needs among vulnerable populations, underscoring the need for developing innovative evaluation practices measuring transformative change.

Rapid evolution of recombination landscapes during the divergence of cichlid ecotypes in Lake Masoko.

Variation of recombination rate along the genome is of crucial importance to rapid adaptation and organismal diversification. Many unknowns remain regarding how and why recombination landscapes evolve in nature. Here, we reconstruct recombination maps based on linkage disequilibrium and use subsampling and simulations to derive a new measure of recombination landscape evolution: the Population Recombination Divergence Index (PRDI).