Highly Position- and Enantioselective Catalytic Epoxidation of Polyolefins Mediated by a Chiral Mn Complex, Including a One-Step Conversion of Squalene to the ()-2,3-Epoxide, a Precursor of Natural Steroids and Terpenoids.

Reported herein is the synthesis of a novel chiral dicarboxylic ligand for Mn(II) and the application of the Mn complex to the highly enantio- and position-selective epoxidation of C═C under mild conditions, even with polyolefinic substrates. A stereomechanistic basis for asymmetric induction is suggested.

Safety and Phosphate-Binding Capacity of Oxylanthanum Carbonate in Healthy Volunteers.

Despite the widespread use of currently available serum phosphate management options, elevated serum phosphate is common in patients with end-stage kidney disease on dialysis. Characteristics of currently available phosphate binders that lead to poor patient experiences such as large drug volume size of required daily medication (e.g.

Ecological interactions, host plant defenses, and control strategies in managing soybean looper, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Soybean looper (SBL), (Walker 1858) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most damaging insect pests of soybean, (L.) Merr., in the mid-south region of the United States, and causes significant economic losses to cotton, sunflower, tomato, and tobacco crops in the United States, Brazil, and Argentina.

Differential learning kinetics govern the transition from memorization to generalization during in-context learning.

Transformers exhibit in-context learning (ICL): the ability to use novel information presented in the context without additional weight updates. Recent work shows that ICL emerges when models are trained on a sufficiently diverse set of tasks and the transition from memorization to generalization is sharp with increasing task diversity. One interpretation is that a network's limited capacity to memorize favors generalization.

Muffled olfactory and sensory cues from the reproductive stage soybean selectively reduce oviposition of a major polyphagous herbivore, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).

Background: While the mother knows best/preference performance hypothesis has been well tested in natural ecosystems, how these ecological principles differ in agroecosystems is less explored. In this study, we investigated the ovipositional preference and offspring performance of fall armyworm (FAW) across vegetative and reproductive stages of soybean.

Results: We examined trichomes, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and assessed electroantennogram (EAG) measurements to understand how olfactory responses are affected by volatiles at different phenological stages during photoperiodism (photophase and scotophase).