Individual- versus neighborhood-level social determinants of health-related factors and their associations with postoperative morbidity.

Background: Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) are neighborhood-level measures of social determinants of health. This study compares individual-level Z codes with these neighborhood-level measures through spatial analysis and their associations with postoperative morbidity.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients at an urban hospital between 2015 and 2021.

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, cis-6-nonenal, CAS registry number 2277-19-2.

The existing information supports the use of this material as described in this safety assessment. cis-6-Nonenal was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, photoirritation/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data from read-across analog decen-1-al (CAS # 65405-70-1) show that cis-6-nonenal is not expected to be genotoxic.