Alternative silencing states of transposable elements in Arabidopsis associated with H3K27me3.

Background: The DNA/H3K9 methylation and Polycomb-group proteins (PcG)-H3K27me3 silencing pathways have long been considered mutually exclusive and specific to transposable elements (TEs) and genes, respectively in mammals, plants, and fungi. However, H3K27me3 can be recruited to many TEs in the absence of DNA/H3K9 methylation machinery and sometimes also co-occur with DNA methylation.

Results: In this study, we show that TEs can also be solely targeted and silenced by H3K27me3 in wild-type Arabidopsis plants.

Predicting Adverse Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Premature Neonates with Intrauterine Growth Restriction Using a Three-Layered Neural Network.

: There is a constant need to improve the prediction of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in growth-restricted neonates who were born prematurely. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the predictive performance of a three-layered neural network for the prediction of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes determined at two years of age by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-III) scale in prematurely born infants by affected by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). : This observational retrospective study included premature newborns with or without IUGR admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit from Romania, between January 2018 and December 2022.

Discrimination of benign, atypical, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in neurofibromatosis type 1 - intraindividual comparison of positron emission computed tomography and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: To intraindividually compare the diagnostic performance of positron emission computed tomography (F-18-FDG-PET/CT) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in a non-inferiority design for the discrimination of peripheral nerve sheath tumours as benign (BPNST), atypical (ANF), or malignant (MPNST) in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).

Results: In this prospective single-centre study, thirty-four NF1 patients (18 male; 30 ± 11 years) underwent F-18-FDG-PET/CT and multi-b-value DW-MRI (11 b-values 0 - 800 s/mm²) at 3T. Sixty-six lesions corresponding to 39 BPNST, 11 ANF, and 16 MPNST were evaluated.