Metaverse surgical planning for robotic surgery: preliminary experience and users' perception.

Background: The 3D models' use for surgical planning has recently gained an ever-wider popularity, in particular in the urological field. Different ways of fruition of this technology have been evaluated over the years. Today, new technological developments allow us to enjoy 3D models in the metaverse.

"But some were more equal than others:" Exploring inequality at Neolithic Çatalhöyük.

We explore the ways in which residents of Neolithic Çatalhöyük in Anatolia differentiated themselves as well as the ways in which they did not. We integrate numerous data sets in order to assess patterns of inequality (A) across buildings with contemporaneous occupations, (B) between buildings that did or did not burn at abandonment, and (C) through time. We use Gini coefficients so as to maximize comparability with other studies of inequality in the ancient and modern worlds, discussing the underlying data and our results to clarify and enhance the value of the quantitative analyses.

Automatic 3D Augmented-Reality Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy Using Machine Learning: Our Pioneer Experience.

The aim of "Precision Surgery" is to reduce the impact of surgeries on patients' global health. In this context, over the last years, the use of three-dimensional virtual models (3DVMs) of organs has allowed for intraoperative guidance, showing hidden anatomical targets, thus limiting healthy-tissue dissections and subsequent damage during an operation. In order to provide an automatic 3DVM overlapping in the surgical field, we developed and tested a new software, called "ikidney", based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs).

Robotic Vena Cava Thrombectomy with Three-dimensional Augmented Reality Guidance.

Robotic surgery has recently been used for treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and neoplastic thrombus located in the renal vein or inferior vena cava (IVC). Accurate identification of the thrombus location is crucial, and three-dimensional augmented reality (3D AR) may be valuable in achieving this. We enrolled patients with nonmetastatic RCC and level 0-I venous thrombus (Mayo Clinic classification) for robot-assisted radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy with 3D AR guidance.

Computer Vision and Machine-Learning Techniques for Automatic 3D Virtual Images Overlapping During Augmented Reality Guided Robotic Partial Nephrectomy.

Objectives: The research's purpose is to develop a software that automatically integrates and overlay 3D virtual models of kidneys harboring renal masses into the Da Vinci robotic console, assisting surgeon during the intervention.

Introduction: Precision medicine, especially in the field of minimally-invasive partial nephrectomy, aims to use 3D virtual models as a guidance for augmented reality robotic procedures. However, the co-registration process of the virtual images over the real operative field is performed manually.