St. John's Wort Extract Ze 117 and Escitalopram Alter Plasma and Hippocampal Lipidome in a Rat Model of Chronic-Stress-Induced Depression.

Chronic stress is a key factor in the development of depression. It leads to hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which in turn increases the formation of glucocorticoids (GCs). Chronically elevated GC levels disrupt neuroplasticity and affect brain lipid metabolism, which may, ultimately, contribute to the development of depression.

Extract Ze 440: Diterpene and Triterpene's Interactions with Dopamine D2 Receptor.

Pre-clinical studies suggest that extracts prepared from the fruits of (VAC) interact with dopamine D2 receptors, leading to reduced prolactin secretion. In previous experiments, dopaminergic activity was mostly evaluated using radioligand binding assays or via the inhibition of prolactin release from rat pituitary cells. Diterpenes featuring a clerodadienol scaffold were identified as major active compounds, but no conclusive data regarding their potency and intrinsic activity are available.

Machine Learning-Based Analysis Reveals Triterpene Saponins and Their Aglycones in as Critical Mediators of AMPK Activation.

(CR) extracts contain diverse constituents such as saponins. These saponins, which act as a defense against herbivores and pathogens also show promise in treating human conditions such as heart failure, pain, hypercholesterolemia, cancer, and inflammation. Some of these effects are mediated by activating AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK).

AMPK Activation by Extract Ze 450 Is Associated with Metabolic Effects and Cellular Resilience against Age-Related Pathologies in Different Tissue Cell Types.

extracts (CREs) have gained well-established use for the treatment of menopausal symptoms such as hot flushes and excessive sweating, and weight gain. While the clinical effects of CREs have been well documented, the mechanisms underlying these effects are largely unknown. More recently, the metabolic effects of the CRE Ze 450 were demonstrated in cultured cells in vitro and in mouse models of obesity in vivo.

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication by Petasites hybridus CO2-extract (Ze 339).

Background: The intensified search for low-threshold herbal anti-viral drugs would be of great advantage in prevention of early stages of infection. Since the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has prevailed in western countries, the course has only been mild, but there are still no widely available drugs that can alleviate or shorten disease progression and counteract the development of Long-COVID. This study aimed to investigate the antiviral effects of a CO-extract from Petasites hybridus (Ze 339).