Performance of the pooled cohort equations and D:A:D risk scores among individuals with HIV in a global cardiovascular disease prevention trial: a cohort study leveraging data from REPRIEVE.

Background: Risk estimation is an essential component of cardiovascular disease prevention among people with HIV. We aimed to characterise how well atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk scores used in clinical guidelines perform among people with HIV globally.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study leveraging REPRIEVE data, we included participants aged 40-75 years, with low-to-moderate traditional cardiovascular risk, not taking statin therapy.

Global Health Inequities in Electrophysiology Care: A State-of-the-Art Review.

This state-of-the-art review examines disparities in the diagnosis, management, and outcomes of cardiac arrhythmias globally. These arrhythmias include atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachyarrhythmias underlying sudden cardiac death, and bradyarrhythmias associated with sinus node and atrioventricular node disease. Arrhythmias in low- and middle-income countries often result in higher mortality rates due to complex and poorly documented risk factors, lack of clinical expertise among health care personnel, lack of sufficient infrastructure, and challenges in access to care.

Abnormal Exercise Electrocardiography With Normal Stress Echocardiography Is Associated With Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerosis.

Background: Patients with abnormal (positive) exercise electrocardiography, but normal stress echocardiography (+ECG/-Echo), have an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events compared with patients with a normal (negative) ECG and a normal stress Echo (-ECG/-Echo). However, it is unclear if +ECG/-Echo discordance is associated with a greater burden of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.

Methods: Project Baseline Health Study participants who underwent a stress Echo and coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan were stratified by stress Echo result: -ECG/-Echo or +ECG/-Echo.

Acute coronary syndrome prevalence and outcomes in a Tanzanian emergency department: Results from a prospective surveillance study.

Background: Preliminary data suggests that the burden of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is high in Tanzania. After efforts to improve ACS care, we sought to describe ACS diagnosis rates, care processes, and outcomes in a Tanzanian Emergency Department (ED).

Methods: Adults presenting to a northern Tanzanian ED with acute chest pain or shortness of breath were enrolled from November 2020 to January 2023.

Taxing tobacco as a strategy to reduce consumption and increase public health benefits in Pakistan.

Background: Tobacco consumption poses a significant challenge to global health and contributes to the increase in noncommunicable diseases and premature deaths.

Aim: To investigate the potential impact of a 70% tobacco tax on consumption and government revenue in Pakistan.

Methods: We analysed secondary data from 2011 to 2022 (after imposition of a 70% excise tax) from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Pakistan Social and Living Standard Survey, financial yearbooks and Federal Board of Revenue reports for tobacco consumption and government revenue.