Safety and immunogenicity of Vi-typhoid conjugate vaccine co-administration with routine 9-month vaccination in Burkina Faso: A randomized controlled phase 2 trial.

Objectives: In 2017, the World Health Organisation (WHO) pre-qualified a single-dose typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) and identified TCV co-administration studies as a research priority. Accordingly, we tested co-administration of Typbar TCV® (Bharat Biotech International) with measles-rubella (MR) and yellow fever (YF) vaccines.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, and controlled, phase 2 trial in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

Safety and immunogenicity of co-administration of meningococcal type A and measles-rubella vaccines with typhoid conjugate vaccine in children aged 15-23 months in Burkina Faso.

Objectives: The World Health Organization pre-qualified single-dose typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) and requested data on co-administration with routine vaccines. The co-administration of Typbar TCV (Bharat Biotech International) with routine group A meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV-A) and measles-rubella (MR) vaccine was tested.

Methods: This was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial performed in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

The role of instructions in perceptual learning using complex visual stimuli.

Although modeled on procedures used with nonhuman animals, some recent studies of perceptual learning in humans, using complex visual stimuli, differ in that they usually instruct participants to look for differences between the to-be-discriminated stimuli. This could encourage the use of mechanisms not available to animal subjects. To investigate the role of instructions, in 2 experiments, participants were given preexposure to checkerboards that were similar except for the presence of a small distinctive feature on each.

The effect of additional exposure to the unique features in a perceptual learning task can be attributed to a location bias.

It has been suggested that human perceptual learning could be explained in terms of a better memory encoding of the unique features during intermixed exposure. However, it is possible that a location bias could play a relevant role in explaining previous results of perceptual learning studies using complex visual stimuli. If this were the case, the only relevant feature would be the location, rather than the content, of the unique features.