Hybrid transvaginal cholecystectomy: a novel approach.

Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) allows cholecystectomy to be performed by means of a flexible scope introduced through the stomach, rectus, bladder, or vagina. However, available endoscopes have several limitations if used in the peritoneal cavity. The hybrid technique reported overcomes these limitations by using conventional 5-mm laparoscopic instruments through the umbilical scar and transabdominal sutures for retraction.

A randomized prospective study of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment cases treated with cryopexy versus frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser-retinopexy during episcleral surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of cryopexy versus transpupillary frequency-doubled (532 nm) Nd:YAG laser-retinopexy according to anatomic and functional success and postoperative complications.

Methods: Seven hundred three patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were enrolled. They underwent scleral-buckling surgery using randomly transpupillary frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser or cryotherapy for retinopexy: patients were observed for a period of 6 months.