Prevalence of pain phenotypes and co-morbidities of chronic pain in Parkinson's Disease.

Objective: The prevalence of chronic pain in Parkinson's disease (PD) in neurology practices ranges from 24 % to 83 %. To determine whether this prevalence is accurate across patients with PD, we leveraged data from electronic medical records in 80 inpatient and outpatient general practice settings.

Methods: We explored the prevalence of chronic pain in patients with PD relative to age and sex-matched controls in a large international database with electronic medical records from over 250 million patients (TriNetX Cambridge, MA, USA).

Intestinal tuft cell immune privilege enables norovirus persistence.

The persistent murine norovirus strain MNV is a model for human norovirus and enteric viral persistence. MNV causes chronic infection by directly infecting intestinal tuft cells, rare chemosensory epithelial cells. Although MNV induces functional MNV-specific CD8 T cells, these lymphocytes fail to clear infection.

Tuft cells mediate commensal remodeling of the small intestinal antimicrobial landscape.

Succinate produced by the commensal protist () stimulates chemosensory tuft cells, resulting in intestinal type 2 immunity. Tuft cells express the succinate receptor SUCNR1, yet this receptor does not mediate antihelminth immunity nor alter protist colonization. Here, we report that microbial-derived succinate increases Paneth cell numbers and profoundly alters the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) landscape in the small intestine.