Heme catabolism and heme oxygenase-1-expressing myeloid cells in pathophysiology.

Although the pathological significance of myeloid cell heterogeneity is still poorly understood, new evidence indicates that distinct macrophage subsets are characterized by specific metabolic programs that influence disease onset and progression. Within this scenario, distinct subsets of macrophages, endowed with high rates of heme catabolism by the stress-responsive enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), play critical roles in physiologic and pathological conditions. Of relevance, the substrates of HO-1 activity are the heme groups that derive from cellular catabolism and are converted into carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin and Fe2+, which together elicit anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory activities and control oxidative damage.

Impaired HDL-associated enzymes and proteins in children and adolescents with weight disorders and their association with novel cardiometabolic indexes.

Background And Aims: Overweight/obesity (OW/OB) is associated with modifications in lipoprotein (Lp)-associated enzymes and proteins, such as cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), Lp-associated phospholipase A (LpPLA) and paraoxonase (PON)1. No evidence is available regarding underweight (UW). The following indexes have been proposed to better assess atherogenic risk related to weight alterations: triglycerides-glucose index (TyG), visceral adiposity index (VAI) and height-corrected lipid accumulation product (HLAP).

Effect of ancient Khorasan wheat on gut microbiota, inflammation, and short-chain fatty acid production in patients with fibromyalgia.

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) syndrome is mainly characterized by widespread pain, sleeping disorders, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction. In many cases, gastrointestinal distress is also reported, suggesting the potential pathogenic role of the gut microbiota (GM). The GM is deeply influenced by several environmental factors, especially the diet, and recent findings highlighted significant symptom improvement in FM patients following various nutritional interventions such as vegetarian diet, low-fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols based diets, gluten-free diet, and especially an ancient grain supplementation.

Vascular inflammation and impaired reverse cholesterol transport and lipid metabolism in obese children and adolescents.

Background And Aims: Childhood obesity is associated to complications such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. High density lipoproteins (HDL) constitute the only lipoprotein fraction with ateroprotective properties. The aim of the present study was to analyze inflammatory markers, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profile and HDL functionality in obese children and adolescents compared to healthy controls.

Applications of Ketogenic Diets in Patients with Headache: Clinical Recommendations.

Headaches are among the most prevalent and disabling neurologic disorders and there are several unmet needs as current pharmacological options are inadequate in treating patients with chronic headache, and a growing interest focuses on nutritional approaches as non-pharmacological treatments. Among these, the largest body of evidence supports the use of the ketogenic diet (KD). Exactly 100 years ago, KD was first used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy, but subsequent applications of this diet also involved other neurological disorders.