Discovery of Galactopyranose-1-Carboxamides as a New Class of Small, Novel, Potent, Selective, and Orally Active Galectin-3 Inhibitors.

Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, is implicated in diverse cellular functions ranging from immune response modulation to tissue homeostasis. Notably, increased Gal-3 expression has been linked to the progression of numerous diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, and cardiovascular disorders, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic target. Small molecule inhibitors have been discovered and are valuable tools to study such diseases.

Respiratory rate and its associations with disease and lifestyle factors in the general population - results from the KORA-FF4 study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to derive median age- and sex-specific respiratory rates in a population-based sample of adults and to identify disease and lifestyle factors associated with elevated respiratory rates.

Methods: In the population-based KORA FF4 study conducted in Augsburg, Germany, 5-minute 12-lead resting electrocardiograms (ECGpro-system, AMEDTEC) were recorded in 2,224 participants from 39 to 88 years. Respiratory rate was derived from these electrocardiograms.

Subcutaneous undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma is more aggressive than pleomorphic dermal sarcoma: Prognosis from a Danish nationwide registry-based cohort.

Introduction: Subcutaneous undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (scUPS) has not previously been described separately from pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS), and consequently the prognosis for patients with scUPS is unknown.

Materials And Methods: In this nationwide cohort study, we identified all patients in Denmark diagnosed with scUPS or PDS between 2002 and 2022. The outcomes were 5-year local recurrence, loco-regional and distant metastasis, and overall survival.

Tracking HIV persistence across T cell lineages during early ART-treated HIV-1-infection using a reservoir-marking humanized mouse model.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection depletes CD4 T-cells, and long-term persistence of latent virus prevents full clearance of HIV even in the presence of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), Here we present the HIV-1-induced lineage tracing (HILT) system, a model that irreversibly marks infected cells within a humanized mouse model, which detects rare latently infected cells. Immunodeficient mice transplanted with genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells develop a human immune system, in which CD4 T-cells contain a genetic switch that permanently labels cells infected by HIV-1 expressing cre-recombinase. Through single-cell RNA sequencing of HILT-marked cells during acute infection and post-ART treatment, we identify distinct CD4+ T-cell transcriptional lineages enriched in either active or latent infections.

Molecular Details of Polyester Decrystallization via Molecular Simulation.

Waste polyesters are a potential feedstock for recycled and upcycled products. These polymers are generally semicrystalline, which presents a challenge for chemical and biological recycling to monomers, and thus the thermodynamic work associated with polyester decrystallization is an important consideration in some depolymerization strategies. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the free energy required to decrystallize a single chain from the crystal surface of five commercially and scientifically important, semiaromatic polyesters (PET, PTT, PBT, PEN, and PEF) in water.