Sampling strategy, quantification, characterization and hazard potential assessment of greywater from ships in the Baltic Sea.

Ship-generated greywater contains a variety of pollutants which, through various pathways, usually are discharged into the sea. To understand the seasonal variation in greywater volumes, the contaminant concentrations in, and the potential hazard of, ship-generated greywater streams, a four-phase strategy for sampling, characterization and hazard assessment of greywater was developed and implemented. Eight greywater streams, sampled from five ships, were characterized for selected pollutants.