Additive anti-emetic efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron with droperidol in out-patient gynecological laparoscopy.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of ondansetron and droperidol, alone and in combination, administered for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in women undergoing general anesthesia for outpatient gynecological laparoscopy.

Methods: Following Institutional Ethics Board approval and patient consent, 160 female out- patients scheduled for laparoscopy were randomly allotted in a double-blind fashion to receive: i) saline (placebo), ii) 4 mg ondansetron, iii) 1.25 mg droperidol, or iv) 4 mg ondansetron and 1.

Increased alcohol consumption in weight-reduced rats is modulated by the renin-angiotensin system.

Weight reduction and food restriction increase the self-administration of alcohol and other drugs of abuse, but the underlying physiological mechanisms have not been identified. Because weight reduction alters angiotensin (ANG) II activity, and ANG II is known to modulate alcohol intake, ANG II may play a role in the enhanced alcohol consumption of food-deprived weight-reduced rats and in the drop in alcohol intake when these rats are refed. Two groups of rats were reduced to and maintained at 80% of their free feeding weights and offered daily 40 min access to a 6% (w/v) alcohol solution and water.