Percutaneous interventional gallbladder procedures: personal experience and literature review.

Our experience with 58 percutaneous gallbladder procedures in 48 patients are discussed. Diagnostic procedures consisted of needle aspiration of bile (n = 5) to evaluate the gallbladder as a source of infections and transcholecystic cholangiography (TCC) (n = 32) for bile duct visualization. Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) (n = 21) was performed for gallbladder or bile duct decompression or stone dissolution.

Refractory afferent loop problems: percutaneous transhepatic management of two cases.

Complications of the afferent loop are traditionally managed only by surgical revision. Transhepatic biliary drainage was used in the palliative treatment of two different afferent loop problems in critically ill patients for whom surgery was unsuccessful. Transcholecystic cholangiography was used to opacify the nondilated bile ducts and proved valuable for the transhepatic biliary catheterization procedure.