Vapor Channel Oscillations in Laser Lithotripsy.

Objectives: Laser-based endoscopic procedures present special challenges to deliver energy for ablation or coagulation of target tissues. When optical fiber-target quasi-contact (< 0.5 mm distance) cannot be maintained or is undesirable, the creation of intervening vapor bubbles and channels provide for the necessary transmission of laser energy to the target.

Treatment of Urolithiasis with Thulium Fiber Laser in Fragmentation Mode Using Optimized Pulse Sequences.

The super-pulsed thulium fiber laser (SP TFL) is a new alternative to high-power holmium laser for intracorporeal lithotripsy. The SP TFL has shown advantages in dusting regimes, but benefits in fragmentation regimes are less understood. The second-generation SP TFL introduces an advanced fragmentation pulse (AFP) sequence to maximize SP TFL's efficiency in fragmentation.

Novel 40 µm spot size 3050/3200 nm DFG laser versus CO laser for laser-assisted drug delivery.

Background And Objectives: The use of ablative fractional lasers to enhance the delivery of topical drugs through the skin is known as laser-assisted drug delivery. Here, we compare a novel 3050/3200 nm difference frequency generation (DFG) fiber laser (spot size: 40 µm) to a commercially used CO laser (spot size: 120 µm). The objective is to determine whether differences in spot size and coagulation zone (CZ) thickness influence drug uptake.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenators with light-diffusing fibers for treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning: Experiments, mathematical modeling, and performance assessment with unit cells.

Unlabelled: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Approximately 50,000 emergency department visits per year due to carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning occur in the United States alone. Tissue hypoxia can occur at very low CO concentration exposures because CO binds with a 250-fold higher affinity than oxygen to hemoglobin. The most effective therapy is 100% hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) respiration.

Assessment of a 3050/3200 nm fiber laser system for ablative fractional laser treatments in dermatology.

Background And Objectives: Mid-infrared (IR) ablative fractional laser treatments are highly efficacious for improving the appearance of a variety of dermatological conditions such as photo-aged skin. However, articulated arms are necessary to transmit the mid-IR light to the skin, which restricts practicality and clinical use. Here, we have assessed and characterized a novel fiber laser-pumped difference frequency generation (DFG) system that generates ablative fractional lesions and compared it to clinically and commercially available thulium fiber, Erbium:YAG (Er:YAG), and CO lasers.