Cyanotic Congenital Cardiac Disease and Scoliosis: Pre-Operative Assessment, Surgical Treatment, and Outcomes.

Objective: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with the development of scoliosis. Improvements in cardiac care have extended survival of children with cyanotic CHD which possess a need for correction of scoliosis. There is limited information on spinal care for these patients.

Evidence-based Pediatric Orthopaedics: How Safe is "Safe"?

Background: The aim of minimizing the risks of complications and adverse events is at the center of surgical practice.This study aimed to assess the evidence on which pediatric orthopaedic surgical procedures are described as "safe." In particular, the objective was to ascertain the proportion of studies describing a procedure as "safe," which achieved a 95% upper limit confidence interval of risk of 5% or less for major adverse events.