Clearance of beta-amyloid and tau aggregates is size dependent and altered by an inflammatory challenge.

Extracellular beta-amyloid aggregation and inflammation are in a complex and not fully understood interplay during hyperphosphorylated tau aggregation and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Our group has previously shown that an immune challenge with tumour necrosis factor alpha can alter extracellular beta-sheet containing aggregates in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neurons carrying familial Alzheimer's disease-related presenilin 1 mutations. Here, using single-molecule detection and super-resolution imaging techniques, we quantified and characterized the intra- and extracellular beta-amyloid and AT8-positive tau aggregates.

Homeostatic microglia initially seed and activated microglia later reshape amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's Disease.

The role of microglia in the amyloid cascade of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is debated due to conflicting findings. Using a genetic and a pharmacological approach we demonstrate that depletion of microglia before amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition, leads to a reduction in plaque numbers and neuritic dystrophy, confirming their role in plaque initiation. Transplanting human microglia restores Aβ plaque formation.

Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, surgical features and comparison of surgically treated intervertebral disc extrusion in French bulldogs.

Intervertebral disc (IVD) extrusion (IVDE) is the most reported neurological condition in French bulldogs (FBD). The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate neurological grade, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), surgical findings and short-term recovery in surgically treated FBD diagnosed with IVDE referred to a single institution between January 2020 and March 2022 and to compare cervical and thoracolumbar IVDE. Data was gathered from medical records and analysed via Fischer's Exact-Test and Kruskal Wallis-tests.