Salivary Antibody Responses to Two COVID-19 Vaccines following Different Vaccination Regimens.

To date, little is known about the salivary mucosal immune response following different COVID-19 vaccine types or after a booster (3rd) dose of the BNT162b2 (BNT) vaccine. A total of 301 saliva samples were collected from vaccinated individuals and arranged into two cohorts: cohort 1 ( = 145), samples from individuals who had received two doses against SARS-CoV-2; cohort 2 ( = 156), samples from individuals who had received a booster of BNT vaccine. Cohorts 1 and 2 were sub-stratified into three groups based on the types of first and second doses (homologous BNT/BNT, homologous ChAdOx1/ChAdOx1, or heterologous BNT/ChAdOx1vaccinations).

Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Oral Appliances in Saudi Arabia: Are We following the Guidelines?

Background: This study aimed to assess sleep medicine physicians' knowledge and attitudes toward the role of oral appliances (OAs) in managing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: An online questionnaire was administered to the registered physicians practicing sleep medicine (otolaryngology, internal medicine, pulmonology, and family medicine) in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire included 26 questions under five domains.

The prevalence of non-syndromic orofacial clefts and associated congenital heart diseases of a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Orofacial clefts are considered one of the most common birth defects and are frequently associated with other malformations. Congenital heart disease is one of the most prevalent congenital malformation.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of congenital heart diseases associated with non-syndromic orofacial clefts in the Saudi population.

TREC and KREC profiling as a representative of thymus and bone marrow output in patients with various inborn errors of immunity.

Primary immune deficiency (PID) disorders are clinically and molecularly heterogeneous diseases. T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and κ (kappa)-deleting excision circles (KRECs) are markers of T and B cell development, respectively. They are useful tools to assess T and B cell function and immune reconstitution and have been used for newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) and agammaglobulinemia, respectively.

High Incidence of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease in Saudi Arabia Detected Through Combined T Cell Receptor Excision Circle and Next Generation Sequencing of Newborn Dried Blood Spots.

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) is the most severe form of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID). T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) copy number analysis is an efficient tool for population-based newborn screening (NBS) for SCID and other T cell lymphopenias. We sought to assess the incidence of SCID among Saudi newborn population and examine the feasibility of using targeted next generation sequencing PID gene panel (T-NGS PID) on DNA isolated from dried blood spots (DBSs) in routine NBS programs as a mutation screening tool for samples with low TREC count.