[Strategies for prevention and control of healthcare related infections by Acinetobacter baumannii].

The frequent development of acquired antibiotics resistance in bacteria represents a challenge for Public Health in terms of healthcare associated infections control. Apart from the appropriate use of drugs, in particular the choice of proper antimicrobial therapy, increasing interest is, therefore, given to the non-pharmacological prevention of these infections. Acinetobacter (A.

[Skin antisepsis in premature infants].

In some premature newborns, 7 months old and with less than 1 kg of body wheight, total parenteral nutrition is used for weeks, so that good antiseptics can cooperate to the prevention of nosocomial infections, associating the best biocide effects to the best topical tolerability. Details are reported on the biocide cutaneous properties of some chloro-derivates, as sodium hypochlorite and NaDCC, of ethyl and propyl alcohols, of chlorhexidine, of iodophors and also of triclosan and octenidine (even if these latter biocids are not normally available in Italy as cutaneous antiseptics).

[Specific antisepsis and environmental disinfection in preventing "Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea"].

In the last years, Clostridium difficile acquired great interest for public health because of constant increase of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD), especially in nosocomial field and as a consequences of its pathogenicity and virulence. Oro-faecal transmission and great environmental persistence of Clostridium difficile indicate hand hygiene of health care workers and environmental disinfection practices as key interventions for prevention and control of nosocomial CDAD. The current indications relative to the hand hygiene suggest the use of soap and water for hand washing and, to achieve a better compliance of health care workers to this treatment, the alternative use of sodium dichloroisocyanurate or alcohol-based solution or gel waterless.

[Pandemic influenza: rapid sanitary-hygienic measures for initial containment of diffusion].

Viral respiratory diseases may be characterized by rapid diffusion in population, that often cause epidemic outbreaks or pandemic. Besides, typical high mutations of involved virus (almost always influenza virus) can reduce the validity of the up to date available vaccine. The achievement of new vaccines can require prolonged period.