Long-Term Second Malignancies in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy and Radical Prostatectomy.

Purpose: Second malignancy is a rare but potentially lethal event after prostate brachytherapy, but data remain scarce on its long-term risk. The objective of this study is to estimate the number of pelvic second malignancies following brachytherapy compared to radical prostatectomy (RP).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients treated with low-dose I brachytherapy and RP in British Columbia from 1999 to 2010.

Neuromorphological Changes following Selection for Tameness and Aggression in the Russian Farm-Fox experiment.

The Russian farm-fox experiment is an unusually long-running and well-controlled study designed to replicate wolf-to-dog domestication. As such, it offers an unprecedented window onto the neural mechanisms governing the evolution of behavior. Here we report evolved changes to gray matter morphology resulting from selection for tameness versus aggressive responses toward humans in a sample of 30 male fox brains.

Malakoplakia, a malignant mimic.

Malakoplakia is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects multiple systems, most commonly the urogenital tract. Its clinical presentation is often non-specific, but is typically characterized by recurrent urinary tract infections and haematuria. We report a rare case of intravesical malakoplakia mimicking an aggressive transitional cell carcinoma both in its clinical presentation and in its macroscopic appearance on cystoscopy in an 82-year patient, the oldest reported case in the literature.