PD-1 and TIM-3 T cells widely express common γ-chain cytokine receptors in multiple myeloma patients, and IL-2, IL-7, IL-15 stimulation up-regulates PD-1 and TIM-3 on T cells.

Background: Immune checkpoint ligand-receptor interactions appear to be associated with multiple myeloma (MM) progression. Simultaneously, previous studies showed the possibility of PD-1 and TIM-3 expression on T cells upon stimulation with common γ-chain family cytokines and during homeostatic proliferation. The aim of the present work was to study the impact of homeostatic proliferation on the expansion of certain T cell subsets up-regulating PD-1 and TIM-3 checkpoint molecules.

Decreased circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cell count at the engraftment is one of the risk factors for multiple myeloma relapse after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Recent studies demonstrated that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple myeloma (MM). Nevertheless, data on the quantitative and functional changes in MDSCs during standard MM treatment remain poorly understood. Here, we determined that monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSC; CD14HLA-DR) and granulocytic MDSCs (PMN-MDSC; LinHLA-DRCD33CD66b) in MM patients in remission following induction therapy (IT) were significantly increased, while early MDSCs (E-MDSCs; LinHLA-DRCD33CD66b) were decreased compared to the donor group.

Impact of Vitamin D3 on Carbonyl-Oxidative Stress and Matrix Metalloproteinases after Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is associated with the development of carbonyl-oxidative stress (COS) and an increased risk of a cerebral hemorrhage. Vitamin D3 is considered an additional drug to have an impact on COS and proteolysis in the extracellular matrix.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of D3 on the COS-markers and matrix metalloproteinases MMP2/MMP9 activity after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus (Т2DM) compared to metformin (Met).

Expression of Inhibitory Molecules (Arginase-1, IDO, and PD-L1) by Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Multiple Myeloma Patients in Remission.

We studied suppressor potential of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in multiple myeloma patients, including before and after mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), by evaluating the expression of arginase-1 (Arg1), indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and PD-L1 in MDSC subsets. The study included 20 multiple myeloma patients in remission, 5 patients with progression, as well as 10 sex-and age-matched healthy donors. The expression of Arg1, IDO, and PD-L1 in circulating granulocytic MDSC (G-MDSC, LinHLA-DRCD33CD66b), monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC, CD14HLA-DR), and early-stage MDSC (E-MDSC, LinHLA-DRCD33CD66b) was evaluated by flow cytometry.

Varying Dietary Component Ratios and Lingonberry Supplementation May Affect the Hippocampal Structure of ApoE-/- Mice.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate and compare the morphological and biochemical characteristics of the hippocampus and the spatial memory of young adult ApoE-/- mice on a standard chow diet, a low-fat diet (LFD), a high-fat diet (HFD), and an HFD supplemented with lingonberries.

Methods: Eight-week-old ApoE-/- males were divided into five groups fed standard chow (), an LFD (), an HFD (), and an HFD supplemented with whole lingonberries (+) or the insoluble fraction of lingonberries (+) for 8 weeks. The hippocampal cellular structure was evaluated using light microscopy and immunohistochemistry; biochemical analysis and T-maze test were also performed.