Deep Impact: observations from a worldwide Earth-based campaign.

On 4 July 2005, many observatories around the world and in space observed the collision of Deep Impact with comet 9P/Tempel 1 or its aftermath. This was an unprecedented coordinated observational campaign. These data show that (i) there was new material after impact that was compositionally different from that seen before impact; (ii) the ratio of dust mass to gas mass in the ejecta was much larger than before impact; (iii) the new activity did not last more than a few days, and by 9 July the comet's behavior was indistinguishable from its pre-impact behavior; and (iv) there were interesting transient phenomena that may be correlated with cratering physics.

Effects of sodium pentobarbital anesthesia and neurotrophic factor on the maintenance of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the preganglionically denervated superior cervical ganglion of the cat.

In continuation of a previously reported study, the superior cervical ganglia of cats were preganglionically denervated bilaterally under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. The following day cats were reanesthetized and infused via the common carotid artery with an aqueous extract of cat brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerves for periods of 24, 12, 6, and 3 hr, without ligation of the external carotid or lingual arteries as was done previously. Values for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase of superior cervical ganglia at 48 hr postdenervation were all considerably above those of denervated controls.

Demonstration of a neurotrophic factor for the maintenance of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in the preganglionically denervated superior cervical ganglion of the cat.

Under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, the superior cervical ganglia of cats were preganglionically denervated bilaterally. The following day cats were reanesthetized, the external carotid and lingual arteries were ligated bilaterally, and the right common carotid artery was infused for 24 hr with an extract prepared from cat brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerves, with and without the incorporation of aprotinin, an inhibitor of proteases. They were sacrificed 48 hr after denervation, and the acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.

Regeneration of cholinesterases in the stellate and normal and denervated superior cervical ganglion of the cat following inactivation by sarin.

Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that ganglionic butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) is derived from acetylcholinesterase (AChE). At 5 to 8 days following preganglionic denervation of the right superior cervical ganglion (SCG), cats were given sarin, 2.0 mumol/kg, i.

Autoradiographic demonstration of the sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake system.

Mouse phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations were incubated for 10 min at 37 degrees C in an oxygenated medium containing all the constituents reported as essential for the sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake system, including [3H]choline chloride, 3.1 Ci/mmol, 2.5 microM.