Enhancer AAV toolbox for accessing and perturbing striatal cell types and circuits.

We present an enhancer AAV toolbox for accessing and perturbing striatal cell types and circuits. Best-in-class vectors were curated for accessing major striatal neuron populations including medium spiny neurons (MSNs), direct and indirect pathway MSNs, as well as Sst-Chodl, Pvalb-Pthlh, and cholinergic interneurons. Specificity was evaluated by multiple modes of molecular validation, three different routes of virus delivery, and with diverse transgene cargos.

The effect of ionic association on the electrochemistry of redox mediators for Li-O batteries: developing a theoretical framework.

A theoretical framework to explain how interactions between redox mediators (RMs) and electrolyte components impact electron transfer kinetics, thermodynamics, and catalytic efficiency is presented. Specifically focusing on ionic association, 2,5-di--butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DBBQ) is used as a case study to demonstrate these effects. Our analytical equations reveal how the observed redox couple's potential and electron transfer rate constants evolve with Li concentration, resulting from different redox activity mechanisms.

Preferential transduction of parvalbumin-expressing cortical neurons by AAV-mDLX5/6 vectors.

A major goal of modern neuroscience is to understand the functions of the varied neuronal types that comprise the mammalian brain. Toward this end, some types of neurons can be targeted and manipulated with enhancer-bearing AAV vectors. These vectors hold great promise to advance basic and translational neuroscience, but to realize this potential, their selectivity must be characterized.

Closed-Loop Optogenetic Perturbation of Macaque Oculomotor Cerebellum: Evidence for an Internal Saccade Model.

Internal models are essential for the production of accurate movements. The accuracy of saccadic eye movements is thought to be mediated by an internal model of oculomotor mechanics encoded in the cerebellum. The cerebellum may also be part of a feedback loop that predicts the displacement of the eyes and compares it to the desired displacement in real time to ensure that saccades land on target.