The group A interleukin-8 protease SpyCEP promotes bacterial intracellular survival by evasion of autophagy.

Autophagy serves an innate immune function in defending the host against invading bacteria, including group A (GAS). Autophagy is regulated by numerous host proteins, including the endogenous negative regulator calpain, a cytosolic protease. Globally disseminated serotype M1T1 GAS strains associated with high invasive disease potential express numerous virulence factors and resist autophagic clearance.

Autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction and platelet concentrates for the treatment of complex perianal fistulas.

Background: Complex perianal fistulas are a major challenge for modern surgery since 10-35% of patients have functional problems after treatment. Sphincter-saving techniques have a wide range of efficacy (10-80%). We hypothesised that autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction in combination with platelet rich plasma is a new therapeutic strategy with enhanced cure and function preservation rates.

Quality of Life and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Adults with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Who Are Treated with Multilevel Surgery or Adherent to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) syndrome is a respiratory sleep disorder characterized by a reduction (hypopnea) in or a complete cessation (apnea) of airflow in the upper airways at night, in the presence of breathing effort. The gold standard treatment for OSA is ventilation through continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), although this often shows poor patient compliance. In recent years, transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has been proposed as a valid surgical treatment for patients suffering from OSA in a multilevel surgical setting.

Identification of Risk Factors for Coexisting Sinusitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: This study aimed to analyze the association of coexisting sinusitis and IBD, establish significant factors involved in their development, and enable further biological correlation between these two diseases.

Methods: he BD and inusitis tudy at Chicago Medicin (TISSUe) is a retrospective, single-center study. We reviewed patients to confirm IBD and chronic sinusitis diagnoses.

Effectiveness of drug-induced sleep endoscopy in improving outcomes of barbed pharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea surgery: a prospective randomized trial.

Purpose: To observe the effectiveness of preoperative drug-induced sleep endoscopy in improving surgical results of patients undergoing single-level barbed pharyngoplasty surgery for OSA, using a prospective randomized model.

Methods: A single-center randomized controlled trial with two prospective arms was carried out to compare functional results in patients treated with barbed reposition pharyngoplasty (BRP) surgery without a preoperative drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) evaluation vs patients treated with BRP surgery performed after DISE evaluation of sites/patterns of collapse.

Results: We compared 50 patients who underwent BRP without a preoperative DISE evaluation (Group A) and 42 patients (Group B) treated with BRP surgery but preoperatively selected by means of a preoperative DISE.