MRI-Derived Transition Zone Index Is Highly Predictive of Urodynamic Bladder Outlet Obstruction Prior to Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate.

Introduction And Objective: Urodynamic study (UDS) is required to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) during evaluation of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) but is seldom performed due to cost and invasiveness. Therefore, anatomic and clinical parameters to predict BOO have been proposed, including the prostate transition zone index (TZI) which is the ratio of prostate transition zone volume (TZV) to whole gland volume (WGV). Historically computed with ellipsoid volume estimation of prostate WGV and TZV from transrectal ultrasound measurements, controversy exists regarding the utility of TZI to predict likelihood of BOO on UDS and clinical outcomes following BPH surgery.

One-quarter of freshwater fauna threatened with extinction.

Freshwater ecosystems are highly biodiverse and important for livelihoods and economic development, but are under substantial stress. To date, comprehensive global assessments of extinction risk have not included any speciose groups primarily living in freshwaters. Consequently, data from predominantly terrestrial tetrapods are used to guide environmental policy and conservation prioritization, whereas recent proposals for target setting in freshwaters use abiotic factors.

Engineering synthetic suppressor T cells that execute locally targeted immunoprotective programs.

Immune homeostasis requires a balance of inflammatory and suppressive activities. To design cells potentially useful for local immune suppression, we engineered conventional CD4 T cells with synthetic Notch (synNotch) receptors driving antigen-triggered production of anti-inflammatory payloads. Screening a diverse library of suppression programs, we observed the strongest suppression of cytotoxic T cell attack by the production of both anti-inflammatory factors (interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β1, programmed death ligand 1) and sinks for proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-2 receptor subunit CD25).

Cytosolic dependent translation supports mitochondrial RNA processing.

Mitochondrial biogenesis relies on both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, and imbalance in their expression can lead to inborn errors of metabolism, inflammation, and aging. Here, we investigate N6AMT1, a nucleo-cytosolic methyltransferase that exhibits genetic codependency with mitochondria. We determine transcriptional and translational profiles of and report that it is required for the cytosolic translation of TRMT10C (MRPP1) and PRORP (MRPP3), two subunits of the mitochondrial RNAse P enzyme.