The data and the reality: urine cultures and emergency medicine physicians.

Background And Objectives: The IDSA has published guidelines for the treatment of urinary tract infections, recommending limiting treatment to symptomatic patients and pregnant females. Our objective is to elucidate current practice patterns among emergency physicians (EPs) in treating positive urine cultures in various clinical situations.

Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design utilizing a questionnaire addressing nine common scenarios encountered by EPs in the follow-up of a positive urine culture.

Sustainable farming with native rocks: the transition without revolution.

The development process which humanity passed through favored a series of conquests, reflected in the better quality of life and longevity, however, it also provoked upsets and severe transformation in the environment and in the human food security. Such process is driving the ecosystems to be homogeneous, and, therefore, the nutrients' supply, via nourishment. To change this panorama, the present work discusses the gains of incorporating the stonemeal technique as a strategic alternative to give back the essential fertile characteristics to the soils.

Factors influencing stable isotope ratios in CH4 and CO2 within subenvironments of freshwater wetlands: implications for delta-signatures of emissions.

Much uncertainty still exists regarding spatial and temporal variability of stable isotope ratios (13C/12C and D/H) in different CH4-emission sources. Such variability is especially prevalent in freshwater wetlands where a range of processes can influence stable isotope compositions, resulting in variations of up to approximately 50% for delta13C-CH4 and approximately 50% for deltaD-CH4 values. Within a temperate-zone bog and marsh situated in southwestern Ontario, Canada, gas bubbles in pond sediments exhibit only minor seasonal and spatial variation in delta13C-CH4, deltaD-CH4 and delta13C-CO2 values.

Mineral precipitation by epilithic biofilms in the speed river, ontario, Canada.

Epilithic microbial communities, ubiquitously found in biofilms on submerged granite, limestone, and sandstone, as well as on the concrete support pillars of bridges, were examined in the Speed River, Ontario, Canada. Transmission electron microscopy showed that attached bacteria (on all substrata) were highly mineralized, ranging from Fe-rich capsular material to fine-grained (<1 mum) authigenic (primary) mineral precipitates. The authigenic grains exhibited a wide range of morphologies, from amorphous gel-like phases to crystalline structures.

Neonatal listeriosis in Scotland.

Thirty-one cases of neonatal listeriosis occurred in Scotland between 1 January 1987 and 31 August 1989. In each of these, Listeria monocytogenes was cultured from blood, cerebrospinal fluid or both. No case of neonatal listeriosis occurred between 1 September 1989 and 31 July 1990, a statistically significant difference in incidence (p less than 0.

Metal Interactions with Microbial Biofilms in Acidic and Neutral pH Environments.

Microbial biofilms were grown on strips of epoxy-impregnated filter paper submerged at four sites in water contaminated with metals from mine wastes. At two sample stations, the water was acidic (pH 3.1); the other sites were in a lake restored to a near neutral pH level by application of a crushed limestone slurry.

Diagenesis of metals chemically complexed to bacteria: laboratory formation of metal phosphates, sulfides, and organic condensates in artificial sediments.

Cells of Bacillus subtilis, when suspended in a 5mM metal solution, bind metals tenaciously to their cell walls. These metal-loaded cells, when mixed with a synthetic sediment and put under laboratory conditions to simulate low-temperature sediment diagenesis, nucleate the formation of a mixed assemblage of crystalline metal phosphates, metal sulfides, and polymeric, metal-complexed, organic residues. The sequential series of diagenetic events leading to the formation of authigenic mineral phases was followed by transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis.

A prospective study of the neurological effects of lead in children.

In the past three years, our research group has investigated the relationship between lead exposure and mental and behavioural development. This has been carried out through studies in children and studies in animals. Earlier studies in children have shown that associations might be expected between environmental exposure to lead and various aspects of cognitive and behavioural development.

The environmental crisis: quantifying geosphere interactions.

Because of increasing population, human activity has become a dominant process modifying the continents and their environment. Understanding the new environmental stresses includes studies of interface processes on all scales. The present scientific effort is inadequate and is not providing the data necessary for rational decision-making in critical areas, such as global energy production, land use, and resource development.

Maternal phenylketonuria: abnormal baby despite low phenylalanine diet during pregnancy.

During a screening programme of 10000 pregnant women by the Guthrie test, a previously unrecognised phenylketonuric woman was detected. A low phenylalanine diet introduced from the 16th week of gestation failed to prevent fetal abnormality and mental retardation. Maternal phenylketonuria requires earlier diagnosis than can be achieved at the initial antenatal clinic visit if its teratogenic effects are to be prevented.

Mineralogical and petrological investigations of lunar samples.

Fragments of igneous rocks and breccias, and one coarse-grained rock with thin sections, have been studied. Minerals found include pyroxene, plagioclase, olivine, ilmenite, troilite, ulvöspinel, native iron, cristobalite, tridymite, alkali feldspar, apatite, and quartz. Textures are described and interpreted.

Calcite-Aragonite Equilibrium at 100{degrees}C.

The equilibrium pressure of the calcite-aragonite transition has been determined near 100 degrees C and is 4.35 kilobars. These data are in agreement with earlier work but conflict with the most recent determination by Simmons and Bell.

Site of Preference Energy and Selective Uptake of Transition-Metal Ions from a Magma.

Results of absorption spectra measurements on silicate glasses of various compositions indicate that ions of the first transition-metal series are present in tetrahedral and octahedral sites in silicate melts (glasses). The fractionation patterns observed for transition-metal ions between magmas and silicate minerals can be interpreted according to crystal field theory in terms of octahedral "site preference energies" of transition ions in crystal lattices.