Impact of hematite on dust absorption at wavelengths ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 µm: an evaluation of literature data using the T-matrix method.

Hematite is the absorbing mineral component of dust aerosols in the shortwave spectral region. However, dust shortwave absorption related to hematite suffers from significant uncertainties. In this study, we evaluated available hematite complex refractive index data in the literature on determining the dust effective refractive index at wavelengths ranging from 0.

Discrete Ordinate Adding Method (DOAM), a new solver for Advanced Radiative transfer Modeling System (ARMS).

Satellite data assimilation requires a computationally fast and accurate radiative transfer model. Currently, three fast models are commonly used in the Numerical Weather Prediction models (NWP) for satellite data assimilation, including Radiative Transfer for TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (RTTOV), Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM), and Advanced Radiative transfer Modeling System (ARMS). ARMS was initiated in 2018 and is now becoming the third pillar supporting many users in NWP and remote sensing fields.

Increasing vertical resolution in US models to improve track forecasts of Hurricane Joaquin with HWRF as an example.

The atmosphere-ocean coupled Hurricane Weather Research and Forecast model (HWRF) developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is used as an example to illustrate the impact of model vertical resolution on track forecasts of tropical cyclones. A number of HWRF forecasting experiments were carried out at different vertical resolutions for Hurricane Joaquin, which occurred from September 27 to October 8, 2015, in the Atlantic Basin. The results show that the track prediction for Hurricane Joaquin is much more accurate with higher vertical resolution.

SI traceable algorithm for characterizing hyperspectral infrared sounder CrIS noise.

The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Satellite (S-NPP) is a Fourier transform spectrometer and provides the sensor data record (SDR) that can be used to retrieve atmospheric temperature and water vapor profiles and can also be directly assimilated in numerical weather prediction models. The noise equivalent differential radiance (NEdN) is part of CrIS SDR products and represents the amount of random noise in the interferometer data. It is a crucial parameter that affects the accuracy of retrieval and satellite radiance assimilation.

Detection of Earth-rotation Doppler shift from Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Cross-Track Infrared Sounder.

The Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Satellite is a Fourier transform spectrometer and provides a total of 1305 channels for sounding the atmosphere. Quantifying the CrIS spectral accuracy, which is directly related to radiometric accuracy, is crucial for improving its data assimilation in numerical weather prediction. In this study, a cross-correlation method is used for detecting the effect of Earth-rotation Doppler shift (ERDS) on CrIS observations.

Errors from Rayleigh-Jeans approximation in satellite microwave radiometer calibration systems.

The advanced technology microwave sounder (ATMS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite is a total power radiometer and scans across the track within a range of ±52.77° from nadir. It has 22 channels and measures the microwave radiation at either quasi-vertical or quasi-horizontal polarization from the Earth's atmosphere.

Combined Henyey-Greenstein and Rayleigh phase function.

The phase function is an important parameter that affects the distribution of scattered radiation. In Rayleigh scattering, a scatterer is approximated by a dipole, and its phase function is analytically related to the scattering angle. For the Henyey-Greenstein (HG) approximation, the phase function preserves only the correct asymmetry factor (i.

Vicarious calibration of the third and fourth Stokes parameters of Windsat measurements.

Microwave observations made at the third and fourth Stokes parameters can be used to determine the surface wind direction over oceans. However, due to their smaller amplitudes (less than 3 K at the third Stokes parameter and 1 K at the fourth Stokes parameter), the absolute calibration to these measurements becomes crucial. A new methodology is developed in this study to calibrate the Windsat third and fourth Stokes parameters through tropical rain forest measurements over the Amazon and central Africa.