Interfacial growth of free-standing PANI films: toward high-performance all-polymer supercapacitors.

Along with high power capability and energy density, long cycle life is regarded an essential performance requirement for energy storage devices. The rapid capacitance decline of conducting polymer-based electrodes remains a major technical challenge and precludes their practical applications in supercapacitors. In this work, a polyaniline (PANI) network is synthesized interfacial Buchwald-Hartwig polymerization for the first time, facilitating the construction of covalently connected PANI networks by ligand-promoted C-N bond formation.