Alterations in Oral Microbiota of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Patients With Xerostomia After Radioiodine Therapy.

Background And Aims: Oral xerostomia remains one of the most common complications of differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients (DTC) after radioiodine therapy (RAI). Environmental factors in the etiology of xerostomia are largely unknown. We aimed to characterize the oral microbiota signatures and related biological functions associated with xerostomia and identify environmental factors affecting them.

Randomized Clinical Trial: Probiotics Alleviated Oral-Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal-Related Complications in Thyroid Cancer Patients Before Radioiodine Therapy Following Thyroidectomy.

Background: Thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) in postoperative thyroid cancer patients who need always accompanied by complications (e.g., dyslipidemia and constipation).

Gut Microbiota Participates in Antithyroid Drug Induced Liver Injury Through the Lipopolysaccharide Related Signaling Pathway.

Drugs can alter the gut microbiota structure, and gut microbiota dysbiosis in turn is correlated with drug side effects through the intestinal endotoxemia hypothesis. Whether antithyroid drugs (including methimazole and propylthiouracil) cause gut microbiota dysbiosis and whether the gut microbiota is correlated with antithyroid drugs induced liver injury is unknown. Initial Graves' disease patients were randomly divided into the methimazole group ( = 20) and the propylthiouracil group ( = 20) and were followed up every 2 weeks; 50 healthy controls were also included.

Prediction of Postoperative Ileus in Patients With Colorectal Cancer by Preoperative Gut Microbiota.

Background: Ileus and postoperative ileus (POI) are common complications of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, little is known about the gut microbiota associated with ileus.

Method: Differences in gut microbiota were evaluated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Gut Microbiota-Based Algorithms in the Prediction of Metachronous Adenoma in Colorectal Cancer Patients Following Surgery.

Evaluating the risk of colorectal metachronous adenoma (MA), which is a precancerous lesion, is necessary for metachronous colorectal cancer (CRC) precaution among CRC patients who had underwent surgical removal of their primary tumor. Here, discovery cohort ( = 41) and validation cohort ( = 45) of CRC patients were prospectively enrolled in this study. Mucosal and fecal samples were used for gut microbiota analysis by sequencing the 16S rRNA genes.

Inhibition of Cholesterol Esterification Enzyme Enhances the Potency of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells against Pancreatic Carcinoma.

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of inhibiting cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT-1) in chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells on potentiating the antitumor response against mesothelin (MSLN)-expressing pancreatic carcinoma (PC) cells. We engineered ACAT-1-inhibited CAR-T cells (CAR-T-1847 and CAR-T-1848) using the targeting MSLN CAR lentiviral vector and small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the conserved region of the gene, and characterized the efficacy of these modified CAR-T cells in terms of the cytotoxicity and cytokine release of both MSLN-positive and MSLN-negative PC cells using methods and mouse xenografts. The ACAT-1-inhibited CAR-T-1847 and CAR-T-1848 cells showed a higher cytotoxicity at effector-to-target cell (E:T) ratios of 8:1 and 10:1, respectively, and induced a higher secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) .

Induction of phosphatase shatterproof 2 by evodiamine suppresses the proliferation and invasion of human cholangiocarcinoma.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is one of the most common fatal carcinomas and is well known to be lack of effective treatment. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies are greatly needed. Evodiamine, a quinozole alkaloid isolated from evodia rutaecarpa Bentham, has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-tumor effects on many cancer cells.

Alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles of thyroid carcinoma patients.

The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship among the gut microbiota community, metabolite profiles and thyroid carcinoma (TC). First, 30 TC patients and 35 healthy controls (HCs) fecal samples were applied to characterize the gut microbial community using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Differential microbiota compositions were observed, with significant enrichment of 19 and depletion of 8 genera in TC samples compared to those in HCs (Q value <0.

Gut microbiota in patients after surgical treatment for colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common disease worldwide that is strongly associated with the gut microbiota. However, little is known regarding the gut microbiota after surgical treatment. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to evaluate differences in gut microbiota among colorectal adenoma patients, CRC patients, CRC postoperative patients and healthy controls by comparing gut microbiota diversity, overall composition and taxonomic signature abundance.

Altered gut microbiota after traumatic splenectomy is associated with endotoxemia.

Splenectomy carries a long-term risk of postoperative infection, and the chronic, low-grade inflammation associated with endotoxemia may be related to the gut microbiota. In this study, to increase our understanding of the potential cause of the high rate of infection in postsplenectomy patients, we evaluated the differences in the gut microbiota and plasma lipopolysaccharide level of patients after splenectomy relative to those of healthy controls. Thirty-two patients having undergone splenectomy and 42 healthy individuals were enrolled into the splenectomy (SP) and healthy control (HC) groups, respectively.

Splenectomy Leads to Amelioration of Altered Gut Microbiota and Metabolome in Liver Cirrhosis Patients.

Unlabelled: Dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolome is a frequently encountered condition in liver cirrhosis (LC) patients. The severity of liver dysfunction was found to be correlated with the degree of microbial dysbiosis. Several clinical studies have indicated liver function improvement after therapeutic splenectomy for LC-induced hypersplenism.

Allicin Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion in Vitro and in Vivo via SHP-1-Mediated STAT3 Signaling in Cholangiocarcinoma.

Background/aims: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor that is resistant to chemotherapy, so new therapeutic agents are needed. Allicin which is rapidly converted from allin by allinase, is one of the most biologically active compounds in freshly crushed garlic and has been shown to have strong anti-tumor effects. Our aim was to explore the molecular mechanism by which allicin affects the cell proliferation and invasion of CCA.

Small Bowel Transit and Altered Gut Microbiota in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis.

Disturbance of the gut microbiota is common in liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, the underlying mechanisms of which are yet to be unfolded. This study aims to explore the relationship between small bowel transit (SBT) and gut microbiota in LC patients. Cross-sectional design was applied with 36 LC patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs).

Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Patients.

Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease in which both genetic predisposition and environmental factors serve as disease triggers. Many studies have indicated that alterations in the gut microbiota are important environmental factors in the development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A comparative analysis was systematically performed of the gut microbiota in HT patients and healthy controls.

Cholesterol Esterification Enzyme Inhibition Enhances Antitumor Effects of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptors Modified T Cells.

Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell (CART) therapy has been demonstrated to have significant effect on hematologic tumor in patients. However, many persistent obstacles and challenges still limit the application. It is known that CD8 T cells are a key component of antitumor immunity.