Direct Ink Writing of SiCN/RuO/TiB Composite Ceramic Ink for High-Temperature Thin-Film Sensors.

Direct ink writing (DIW) of high-temperature thin-film sensors holds significant potential for monitoring extreme environments. However, existing high-temperature inks face a trade-off between cost and performance. This study proposes a SiCN/RuO/TiB composite ceramic ink.

Conformal Fabrication of Thick Film Platinum Strain Gauge Via Error Regulation Strategies for In Situ High-Temperature Strain Detection.

Monitoring high-temperature strain on curved components in harsh environments is a challenge for a wide range of applications, including in aircraft engines, gas turbines, and hypersonic vehicles. Although there are significant improvements in the preparation of high-temperature piezoresistive film on planar surfaces using 3D printing methods, there are still difficulties with poor surface compatibility and high-temperature strain testing on curved surfaces. Herein, a conformal direct ink writing (CDIW) system coupled with an error feedback regulation strategy was used to fabricate high-precision, thick films on curved surfaces.

All-Three-Dimensionally-Printed AgPd Thick-Film Strain Gauge with a Glass-Ceramic Protective Layer for High-Temperature Applications.

A high-temperature thin/thick-film strain gauge (TFSG) shows development prospects for in situ strain monitoring of hot-end components due to their small perturbations, no damage, and fast response. Direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing is an emerging and facile approach for the rapid fabrication of TFSG. However, TFSGs prepared based on 3D printing with both high thermal stability and low temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) over a wide temperature range remain a great challenge.

Thin-Film Platinum Resistance Temperature Detector with a SiCN/Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Protective Layer by Direct Ink Writing for High-Temperature Applications.

In situ temperature monitoring of curved high-temperature components in extreme environments is challenging for a variety of applications in fields such as aero engines and gas turbines. Recently, extrusion-based direct ink writing (DIW) has been utilized to fabricate platinum (Pt) resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). However, the current Pt RTD prepared by DIW technology suffers from a limited temperature range and poor high-temperature stability.

Abnormal morphology and function in retinal ganglion cells derived from patients-specific iPSCs generated from individuals with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited eye disease that results from degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). Mitochondrial ND4 11778G > A mutation, which affects structural components of complex I, is the most prevalent LHON-associated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation worldwide. The m.

Form-deprivation myopia downregulates calcium levels in retinal horizontal cells in mice.

The process of eye axis lengthening in myopic eyes is regulated by multiple mechanisms in the retina, and horizontal cells (HCs) are an essential interneuron in the visual regulatory system. Wherein intracellular Ca plays an important role in the events involved in the regulatory role of HCs in the retinal neural network. It is unknown if intracellular Ca regulation in HCs mediates changes in the retinal neural network during myopia progression.

Genetic Interaction between and Mutations Affect Retinal Disease Phenotypes.

and mutant mice share similar eye disease characteristics. Previously, studies established a functional relationship of ADIPOR1 and MFRP proteins in maintaining retinal lipidome homeostasis and visual function. However, the independent and/or interactive contribution of both genes to similar disease phenotypes, including fundus spots, decreased axial length, and photoreceptor degeneration has yet to be examined.

Proposed as a High Myopia Susceptibility Gene in Chinese Population.

Myopia is the most common cause of refractive error worldwide. High myopia is a severe type of myopia, which usually accompanies pathological changes in the fundus. To identify high myopia susceptibility genes, DNA-pooling based genome-wide association analysis was used to search for a correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms and high myopia in a Han Chinese cohort (cases vs.

Common Postzygotic Mutational Signatures in Healthy Adult Tissues Related to Embryonic Hypoxia.

Postzygotic mutations are acquired in normal tissues throughout an individual's lifetime and hold clues for identifying mutagenic factors. Here, we investigated postzygotic mutation spectra of healthy individuals using optimized ultra-deep exome sequencing of the time-series samples from the same volunteer as well as the samples from different individuals. In blood, sperm, and muscle cells, we resolved three common types of mutational signatures.

Declines in PDE4B activity promote myopia progression through downregulation of scleral collagen expression.

Myopia is the most common cause of a visual refractive error worldwide. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-linked signaling pathways contribute to the regulation of myopia development, and increases in cAMP accumulation promote myopia progression. To pinpoint the underlying mechanisms by which cAMP modulates myopia progression, we performed scleral transcriptome sequencing analysis in form-deprived mice, a well-established model of myopia development.

Dysfunction of VIPR2 leads to myopia in humans and mice.

Background: Myopia is the leading cause of refractive errors. As its pathogenesis is poorly understood, we determined if the retinal VIP-VIPR2 signalling pathway axis has a role in controlling signalling output that affects myopia development in mice.

Methods: Association analysis meta-study, single-cell transcriptome, bulk RNA sequencing, pharmacological manipulation and VIPR2 gene knockout studies were used to clarify if changes in the VIP-VIPR2 signalling pathway affect refractive development in mice.

Metagenomic Profiling of Ocular Surface Microbiome Changes in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.

Purpose: Ocular surface microbiome changes can affect meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) development. This study aimed to delineate differences among the microbiome of eyelid skin, conjunctiva, and meibum in healthy controls (HCs) and patients afflicted with MGD.

Methods: Shotgun metagenomic analysis was used to determine if there are differences between the microbial communities in ocular sites surrounding the meibomian gland in healthy individuals and patients afflicted with MGD.

Scleral HIF-1α is a prominent regulatory candidate for genetic and environmental interactions in human myopia pathogenesis.

Background: Myopia is a good model for understanding the interaction between genetics and environmental stimuli. Here we dissect the biological processes affecting myopia progression.

Methods: Human Genetic Analyses: (1) gene set analysis (GSA) of new genome wide association study (GWAS) data for 593 individuals with high myopia (refraction ≤ -6 diopters [D]); (2) over-representation analysis (ORA) of 196 genes with de novo mutations, identified by whole genome sequencing of 45 high-myopia trio families, and (3) ORA of 284 previously reported myopia risk genes.

Increased Connexin36 Phosphorylation in AII Amacrine Cell Coupling of the Mouse Myopic Retina.

Myopia is a substantial public health problem worldwide. In the myopic retina, distant images are focused in front of the photoreceptors. The cells and mechanisms for retinal signaling that account either for emmetropization (i.

PRICKLE3 linked to ATPase biogenesis manifested Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited eye disease. X-linked nuclear modifiers were proposed to modify the phenotypic manifestation of LHON-associated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. By whole-exome sequencing, we identified the X-linked LHON modifier (c.

The Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase Encoding Gene, , Is Involved in the Growth, Development, and Pathogenicity of .

A pathogenic mutant, BCG183, was obtained by screening the T-DNA insertion library of . A novel pathogenicity-related gene , which encodes kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), was isolated and identified via thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR, bioinformatics analyses, and KMO activity measurement. The mutant BCG183 grew slowly, did not produce conidia and sclerotia, had slender hyphae, and presented enhanced pathogenicity.

Novel fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy for advanced well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors: a clinical update.

Introduction: Patients with advanced well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) who have bulky and/or symptomatic and/or rapidly progressive disease require chemotherapy treatment.

Areas Covered: This review summarizes the accumulating evidence for treatment with fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in well-differentiated NETs. The main clinical studies, toxicity and predictors of fluorouracil- based chemotherapy regimens in well-differentiated NETs are discussed, along with the current issues, future research directions and therapeutic prospects.

Mitochondrial ND1 Variants in 1281 Chinese Subjects With Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mutational incidence and spectrum of mitochondrial ND1 gene in subjects with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

Methods: A cohort of 1281 Han Chinese probands and 478 control subjects underwent sequence analysis of mitochondrial (mt)DNA. Resultant variants were evaluated for evolutionary conservation, allelic frequencies, and structural and functional consequences.

Mitochondrial haplogroup D4j specific variant m.11696G > a(MT-ND4) may increase the penetrance and expressivity of the LHON-associated m.11778G > a mutation in Chinese pedigrees.

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is one of the most common mitochondrial disorders. We report here the clinical, genetic and molecular analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in eight Han Chinese families carrying the known mitochondrial 11778G > A(MT-ND4) mutation. Thirty-seven (26 males/11 females) of 77 matrilineal relatives in these families exhibited the variable severity and age-at-onset of optic neuropathy.

The exome sequencing identified the mutation in YARS2 encoding the mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase as a nuclear modifier for the phenotypic manifestation of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy-associated mitochondrial DNA mutation.

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is the most common mitochondrial disorder. Nuclear modifier genes are proposed to modify the phenotypic expression of LHON-associated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. By using an exome sequencing approach, we identified a LHON susceptibility allele (c.

[A novel mutation T8821G in mitochondrial DNA may be associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy].

Objective: To report on clinical, genetic and molecular characterization of two Chinese families with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.

Methods: Ophthalmological examinations have revealed variable severity and age at onset of visual loss among the probands and other matrilineal relatives of both families. The entire mitochondrial genome of the two probands was amplified with PCR in 24 overlapping fragments using sets of oligonucleotide primers.

Prevalence of Mitochondrial ND4 Mutations in 1281 Han Chinese Subjects With Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and spectrum of mitochondrial ND4 mutations in subjects with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

Methods: A cohort of 1281 Chinese Han probands and 478 control subjects underwent clinical and genetic evaluation, and sequence analysis of mitochondrial (mt) DNA, as well as enzymatic assay of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase.

Results: In this cohort, 503 probands had a family history of optic neuropathy and 778 subjects were sporadic cases.