Facilitatory effect of low-pulse repetition frequency ultrasound on release of extracellular vesicles from cultured myotubes.

Purpose: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as carriers of intracellular factors with therapeutic effects, including tissue regeneration and attenuation of inflammatory responses. The majority of EVs in vivo are derived from skeletal muscle, which is reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. While high-intensity pulsed ultrasound (US) irradiation has been shown to promote EV secretion from myotubes, the impact of pulse repetition frequency, a US parameter affecting pulse length, on EV release remains unclear.

Impacts of body positions on the geniohyoid muscle contraction and swallowing difficulty in healthy adults.

Background: Body positions affect swallowing and gastroesophageal reflux. Swallowing impairment is one of the main causes of aspiration pneumonia. To prevent pneumonia, evaluation of body positions on gastroesophageal reflux recommended 30 degrees or higher semi-recumbent positions.