AMIGO2 is involved in the spread of peritoneal metastasis in serous ovarian cancer via promoting adhesion to the peritoneal mesothelial cells.

Background: Amphoterin-induced gene and open reading frame 2 (AMIGO2) have been reported to be related to the prognosis of colorectal, gastric, and cervical cancer. However, their association with ovarian cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of AMIGO2 in ovarian cancer.

Exosomal miR-493 suppresses MAD2L1 and induces chemoresistance to intraperitoneal paclitaxel therapy in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis.

Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy with paclitaxel (PTX) for gastric cancer (GC) with peritoneal metastasis (PM) is considered a promising treatment approach, however, there are no useful biomarkers to predict the efficacy of IP therapy. We examined the association between intra-peritoneal exosomes, particularly exosomal micro-RNAs (exo-miRNAs), and IP-chemo sensitivity. MKN45 cells that were cultured with intra-peritoneal exosomes from patients who did not respond to IP therapy with PTX (IP group) exhibited resistance to PTX compared with exosomes from responding patients (IP group) (p = 0.

Increased chemokine ligand 26 expression and its involvement in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the endometrium with adenomyosis.

Objective: Adenomyosis is a gynecologic disorder characterized by symptoms of dysmenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, and infertility. This study aimed to analyze the expression profiles of key inflammatory cytokines in the endometrium with adenomyosis and their involvement in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Study Design: Endometrial tissues collected from premenopausal women with (n = 3) or without (n = 3) adenomyosis during the secretory phase were subjected to DNA array analysis to examine inflammatory cytokines.

AMIGO2 expression as a predictor of recurrence in cervical cancer with intermediate risk.

Patients with recurrent cervical cancer have limited treatment options and are often considered to be incurable. Since the expression of amphoterin-induced gene and open reading frame 2 (AMIGO2) in clinical samples is a prognostic factor for colorectal cancer and gastric cancer, the present aimed to elucidate whether it is also a prognostic factor for cervical cancer. Patients with primary cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy or radical trachelectomy at our institution (Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan) between September 2005 and October 2016 were retrospectively collected.

A Standardized Extract of Cultured Up-regulates COX-2 in Inflammation-related Malignant Progressive Fibrosarcoma Cell Clone QRsP-11.

Background/aim: Cyclooxygenase is an enzyme that transforms arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an isoform of cyclooxygenase. There exist many reports on the expression levels of COX-2 in cancer tissues, and prognosis of cancer patients has been reported to be related to COX-2 up-regulation.

Kidney organoid derived from renal tissue stem cells is a useful tool for histopathological assessment of nephrotoxicity in a cisplatin-induced acute renal tubular injury model.

Organoids derived from renal tissue stem cells (KS cells) isolated from the S3 segment of adult rat nephrons have previously been developed and evaluated. However, data regarding the histopathological evaluation of these organoids are limited. Therefore, in this study, we performed histopathological examinations of the properties of these organoids and evaluated the nephrotoxicity changes induced by cisplatin treatment.

Liver Metastasis Formation Is Defined by AMIGO2 Expression via Adhesion to Hepatic Endothelial Cells in Human Gastric and Colorectal Cancer Cells.

The adhesion of circulating cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells is an initial and critical step in distant metastases. Amphoterin-induced gene and open reading frame 2 (AMIGO2) was found to regulate tumor cell adhesion to hepatic endothelial cells and act as a driver gene for liver metastasis in mouse cell lines. However, whether the role of AMIGO2 observed in mouse tumor cells can be extrapolated to human cancer cells in vivo has not been verified.

The impact of AMIGO2 on prognosis and hepatic metastasis in gastric cancer patients.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies, and the liver is the most common site of hematogenous metastasis of GC. AMIGO2 is a type I transmembrane protein that has been implicated in tumour cell adhesion in adenocarcinomas; however, its importance in GC remains undetermined.

Methods: We analyzed AMIGO2 expression by immunohistochemistry using the specific monoclonal antibody for human AMIGO2 in 128 patients who underwent GC surgery to evaluate its relationship between various metastatic and clinical outcomes in GC.

Establishment of an antibody specific for AMIGO2 improves immunohistochemical evaluation of liver metastases and clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer.

Instruction: The human amphoterin-induced gene and open reading frame (AMIGO) was identified as a novel cell adhesion molecule of type I transmembrane protein. AMIGO2 is one of three members of the AMIGO family (AMIGO1, 2, and 3), and the similarity between them is approximately 40% at the amino acid level. We have previously shown that AMIGO2 functions as a driver of liver metastasis.

AMIGO2 contained in cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles enhances the adhesion of liver endothelial cells to cancer cells.

Adhesion of cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells in target organs is an initial step in cancer metastasis. Our previous studies revealed that amphoterin-induced gene and open reading frame 2 (AMIGO2) promotes the adhesion of tumor cells to liver endothelial cells, followed by the formation of liver metastasis in a mouse model. However, the precise mechanism underlying AMIGO2-promoted the adhesion of tumor cells and liver endothelial cells remains unknown.

Newly Invented Micellized Vitamin K2 Recovered Prolonged Prothrombin Time under Obstructive Jaundice in Rats with Bile Duct Ligation.

In cholestatic liver diseases, coagulopathy is induced by malabsorption of vitamin K. Supplementation of vitamin K has previously been shown to prevent coagulopathy. In this study, we tested the efficacy of a newly invented micellized vitamin K2 (m-vitK2) in treating coagulopathy, using a rat bile duct ligation (BDL) model.

AMIGO2 as a novel indicator of liver metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer.

Our previous study showed that adhesion molecule with immunoglobulin like domain 2 (AMIGO2) is a pivotal driver gene of liver metastasis via regulating tumor cell adhesion to liver endothelial cells in mouse models. The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of AMIGO2 in liver metastasis in patients the colorectal cancer (CRC). Two human CRC cell lines, Caco-2 (AMIGO2-low) and HCT116 (AMIGO2-high), were used in this study.

Inflammation-Related Carcinogenesis: Lessons from Animal Models to Clinical Aspects.

Inflammation-related carcinogenesis has long been known as one of the carcinogenesis patterns in humans. Common carcinogenic factors are inflammation caused by infection with pathogens or the uptake of foreign substances from the environment into the body. Inflammation-related carcinogenesis as a cause for cancer-related death worldwide accounts for approximately 20%, and the incidence varies widely by continent, country, and even region of the country and can be affected by economic status or development.

Splice variants of lysosome‑associated membrane proteins 2A and 2B are involved in sunitinib resistance in human renal cell carcinoma cells.

Sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is among the first‑line treatments for metastatic or advanced stage renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, patients with RCC develop resistance to sunitinib. We have previously demonstrated that lysosome‑associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP‑2), which has three splice variants with different functions (LAMP‑2A, LAMP‑2B, and LAMP‑2C), is involved in RCC.

Loss of the cystine/glutamate antiporter in melanoma abrogates tumor metastasis and markedly increases survival rates of mice.

The cystine/glutamate antiporter, system x , is essential for the efficient uptake of cystine into cells. Interest in the mechanisms of system x function soared with the recognition that system x presents the most upstream node of ferroptosis, a recently described form of regulated necrosis relevant for degenerative diseases and cancer. Since targeting system x hold the great potential to efficiently combat tumor growth and metastasis of certain tumors, we disrupted the substrate-specific subunit of system x , xCT (SLC7A11) in the highly metastatic mouse B16F10 melanoma cell line and assessed the impact on tumor growth and metastasis.

Pretreatment with cilnidipine attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in HL-1 cardiomyocytes through enhanced NO production and action potential shortening.

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury worsens in the absence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Cilnidipine, a Ca channel blocker, has been reported to activate endothelial NOS (eNOS) and increases nitric oxide (NO) in vascular endothelial cells. We examined whether pretreatment with cilnidipine could attenuate cardiac cell deaths including apoptosis caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury.

Correction: The circadian rhythm of bladder clock genes in the spontaneously hypersensitive rat.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Bisphosphonate-induced reactive oxygen species inhibit proliferation and migration of oral fibroblasts: A pathogenesis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Background: The onset mechanism for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) has been reported, with a focus on bone remodeling, biofilm formation, and epithelial cell proliferation and migration. However, the involvement of stromal cells, especially fibroblasts, in the oral cavity is unclear. Therefore, this study was focused on how bisphosphonates (BPs) affect orthotopic periodontal ligament fibroblasts from the viewpoint of oxidative stress compared with ectopically obtained fibroblasts.

PITX1 protein interacts with ZCCHC10 to regulate hTERT mRNA transcription.

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein ribonucleic enzyme that is essential for cellular immortalization via elongation of telomere repeat sequences at the end of chromosomes. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase holoenzyme, is a key regulator of telomerase activity. Telomerase activity, which has been detected in the majority of cancer cells, is accompanied by hTERT expression, suggesting that this enzyme activity contributes to an unlimited replication potential of cancer cells via regulation of telomere length.

The circadian rhythm of bladder clock genes in the spontaneously hypersensitive rat.

Circadian expression rhythms of clock gene products in the bladder are reportedly hindered by clock gene abnormalities. However, the role of clock gene products in various pathological lower urinary tract conditions is unknown. The present study examined the relationship between clock genes and voiding dysfunction in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR).