Age-dependent sex difference of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in TSOD and db/db mice.

According to previous clinical studies, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is higher in men than women only during the reproductive age. Animal models of NAFLD that reflect sex differences in humans have not been established. In this study, we examined sex differences in the hepatic lesions of Tsumura Suzuki obese diabetes (TSOD) and db/db mice, which are representative genetic models of NAFLD.

[Issues of Equalization of Cancer Genomic Medicine-Focusing on the Current Status in Nagasaki Prefecture].

Nagasaki University Hospital, which was designated as a"Designated Core Hospital for Cancer Genomic Medicine"by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in 2019, started an initiative for cancer genomic medicine in collaboration with 2 "Cooperative Hospital for Cancer Genomic Medicine"in Nagasaki prefecture. However, there are various issues such as 1 . eligibility criteria and strategies for inspections, 2 .

Substantial improvement of histopathological diagnosis by whole-slide image-based remote consultation.

Consultation by subspecialty experts is the most common mode of rendering diagnosis in challenging cases in pathological practice. Our study aimed to highlight the diagnostic benefits of whole-slide image (WSI)-based remote consultation. We obtained diagnostically challenging cases from two institutions from the years 2010 and 2013, with histological diagnoses that contained keywords "probable," "suggestive," "suspicious," "inconclusive," and "uncertain.

A newly established monoclonal antibody against ERCC1 detects major isoforms of ERCC1 in gastric cancer.

Identifying patients resistant to cisplatin treatment is expected to improve cisplatin-based chemotherapy for various types of cancers. Excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) is involved in several repair processes of cisplatin-induced DNA crosslinks. ERCC1 overexpression is reported as a candidate prognostic factor and considered to cause cisplatin resistance in major solid cancers.

Pathological significance and prognostic role of LATS2 in prostate cancer.

Background: Large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) is an important regulator of the Hippo pathway and it plays crucial roles in cell survival and behaviors. Herein, we evaluated the pathological roles of LATS2 in prostate cancer (PC), for which very little information is available.

Methods: Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in response to the siRNA-mediated knockdown (KD) LATS2 expression were evaluated in two PC cell lines (LNCaP and PC3).

Benign mimics of prostate cancer.

The histopathological diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma is challenged by the existence of numerous benign mimics. Most of these lesions have no clinical significance and many do not need to be reported. Their clinical relevance lies in the risk that they are misinterpreted as cancer.

Granular necrosis: a distinctive form of cell death in malignant tumours.

Foci of necrosis are frequently seen in malignant tumours and may be due to a variety of causes. Different types of necrosis are given various names based upon their morphological features and presumed pathogenesis, such as coagulative, liquefactive and fibrinoid necrosis. Here, we propose the term 'granular necrosis' (GN) for a specific form of tumour necrosis characterised by the presence of well-defined necrotic foci being sharply demarcated from adjacent viable tumour.

Correction to: Multi-institutional re-evaluation of prognostic factors in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: proposal of a novel two-tiered grading scheme.

The legends of Figs. 1 and 3 in the published original version of the above article are incorrect.

Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is an aggressive form of invasive carcinoma and should be graded.

Infiltration of the prostatic ducts by prostatic adenocarcinoma occurs relatively frequently, being most commonly associated with high grade disease. It is now recognised that intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDCP) has an associated poor prognosis and this is reflected in its histological, molecular and immunohistochemical features. The current recommendation of the World Health Organization is that IDCP not be taken into consideration when grading prostate adenocarcinoma.

Multi-institutional re-evaluation of prognostic factors in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: proposal of a novel two-tiered grading scheme.

A histological grading system of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) is highly desirable to identify approximately 5-10% of tumors at risk for progression. Validation studies failed to demonstrate a correlation between the four-tiered WHO/ISUP grade and outcome. Previous proposals with three-tiered chromophobe grading systems could not be validated.

Classic Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma Incur a Larger Number of Chromosomal Losses Than Seen in the Eosinophilic Subtype.

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC) is a renal tumor subtype with a good prognosis, characterized by multiple chromosomal copy number variations (CNV). The World Health Organization (WHO) chRCC classification guidelines define a classic and an eosinophilic variant. Large cells with reticular cytoplasm and prominent cell membranes (pale cells) are characteristic for classic chRCC.

Controversial issues in Gleason and International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) prostate cancer grading: proposed recommendations for international implementation.

The Gleason Grading system has been used for over 50 years to prognosticate and guide the treatment for patients with prostate cancer. At consensus conferences in 2005 and 2014 under the guidance of the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP), the system has undergone major modifications to reflect modern diagnostic and therapeutic practices. The 2014 consensus conference yielded recommendations regarding cribriform, mucinous, glomeruloid and intraductal patterns, the most significant of which was the removal of any cribriform pattern from Gleason grade 3.

Successful laparoscopic resection of a paraganglioma immediately behind the inferior vena cava and bilateral renal veins.

Introduction: Paragangliomas have a rich blood flow and are located around large vessels; thus, resection is often difficult. We herein report a case of a paraganglioma that was located immediately behind the inferior vena cava and bilateral renal veins and successfully resected by laparoscopic surgery.

Case Presentation: A 72-year-old man was incidentally diagnosed with a 7-cm retroperitoneal mass immediately behind the inferior vena cava and bilateral renal veins by computed tomography.

Differential expression of androgen receptor variants in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer xenografts, castration-resistant sublines, and patient specimens according to the treatment sequence.

Background: Androgen receptor variants (AR-vs), especially AR-v7 and AR-v 5, 6, and 7 exon-skipped (AR-v567es), are reportedly key players in the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We previously established a mouse xenograft model (JDCaP) from a metastatic skin lesion from a Japanese patient with CRPC and that was revealed to exhibit androgen sensitivity. In the present study, we established multiple castration-resistant xenograft models from JDCaP mice to investigate the biological features of CRPC.

The International Society of Urological Pathology Education web-a web-based system for training and testing of pathologists.

Pathology training resources remain scarce in many parts of the world. With rapid economic development comes the need to educate new pathologists to meet the medical care demands. Our aim was to set up a cost-effective system for training and testing the diagnostic skills of pathologists.

Expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog and programmed cell death ligand 1 in adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung.

Background: Lung adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is a rare variant of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with poor prognosis. Certain biological differences may exist between these tumors and other common histological types of NSCLC, including adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which links oncogenes and multiple receptor classes to essential cellular functions, is activated by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) loss.

Comparison of ERG and SPINK1 expression among incidental and metastatic prostate cancer in Japanese men.

Background: TMPRSS2:ERG fusion is the most common genetic event in prostate cancer (PCa). However, its association with prognosis is controversial. Overexpression of serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 1 (SPINK1) was almost exclusively defined in ERG-negative PCa in most studies.

Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for low-risk prostate cancer induces biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy via increased lymphangiogenesis-related parameters.

Background: The effects of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) on pathological features and lymphangiogenesis in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) for each pre-operative risk classification are unclear.

Methods: To clarify the anti-cancer effects of NHT, we investigated 153 patients (non-NHT group = 80 and NHT group = 73) who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) in Nagasaki University Hospital. Lymph vessel density and area (evaluated by D2-40-positive vessels), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D expressions, and biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival were compared between these two groups for each D'Amico risk classification (low = 33, intermediate = 58, high = 62 patients).

Ciliated muconodular papillary tumors of the lung with KRAS/BRAF/AKT1 mutation.

Background: Ciliated muconodular papillary tumors (CMPTs) are newly recognized rare peripheral lung nodules that are histologically characterized by ciliated columnar, goblet, and basal cells. Although recent studies have shown that CMPTs constitute a neoplastic disease, the complete histogenesis of CMPTs is not fully understood and molecular data are limited.

Methods: We reviewed four cases of CMPT and performed immunohistochemical and genomic analyses to establish CMPT profiles.

Clinicopathological importance of anterior prostate cancer in Japanese Men.

Prostate cancer of transition zone origin or anterior location has been recognized as infrequent, smaller in size and indolent, whereas, our previous report showed that transition zone/anterior cancer was frequently experienced in Japanese men. The current study was conducted to show clinicopathological characteristics of transition zone/anterior cancer. A total of 201 radical prostatectomy specimens were categorized as cancer of anterior or posterior prostate where more than two thirds of the tumor existed in the specific area.

Green Tea Polyphenol Induces Changes in Cancer-Related Factors in an Animal Model of Bladder Cancer.

Green tea polyphenol (GTP) suppresses carcinogenesis and aggressiveness in many types of malignancies including bladder cancer. However, the mechanistic basis of these effects is not well understood. This was investigated in the present study using a mouse model of chemically induced bladder cancer.

Time Trends in Histological Features of Latent Prostate Cancer in Japan.

Purpose: The incidence of prostate cancer is reported to be increasing in Asia, including Japan. Although this trend has been attributed partly to a more Western diet, this assumption may involve variable confounders. Thus, we examined the histological features of contemporary vs historical latent prostate cancer.

Increased aPKC Expression Correlates with Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Gleason Score and Tumor Stage in the Japanese Population.

Background. Levels of the protein kinase aPKC have been previously correlated with prostate cancer prognosis in a British cohort. However, prostate cancer incidence and progression rates, as well as genetic changes in this disease, show strong ethnic variance, particularly in Asian populations.

Differences in prostate cancer grade, stage, and location in radical prostatectomy specimens from United States and Japan.

Background: To compared prostate cancer at radical prostatectomy between men in the United States (US) and Japan in the modern era.

Methods: Three hundred seventy consecutive totally embedded RP cases (159 US; 211 Japan) from 2010 to 2012 were reviewed.

Results: US men were significantly younger (mean age 58.