Antibiotics Associated With Clostridium difficile Infection.

Introduction () is one of the major causes of diarrhea transmitted by the fecal-oral route.  type BI/NAP1/027 is responsible for the most severe infection (CDI). It is a major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea followed by and Historically, clindamycin, cephalosporins, penicillins, and fluoroquinolones were related to CDI.

Skull Base Osteomyelitis: A Single-Center Experience.

Background Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) is an uncommon entity and carries a high mortality rate. It can be be odontogenic, sinogenic, or otogenic in origin, in addition to being a complication of skull surgery/trauma. is one of the most commonly identified pathogen.

Microbiology and clinical characteristics of acute cholangitis with their impact on mortality; a retrospective cross sectional study.

Objective: To evaluate microbiological and clinical characteristics of acute cholangitis along with their impact on mortality, and to compare the role of early versus late biliary drainage in the management of cholangitis.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised records of all patients presenting with acute cholangitis from June, 2012, to June, 2017. The risk factors, presence of bacteremia, resistance pattern of microbial pathogens and severity were assessed according to Tokyo guidelines in addition to associated mortality and recurrence at 3 months.