FMD virus spillover from domestic livestock caused outbreak in captive wild ungulates: First report from Pakistan.

The potential spillover of foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus at the wildlife-livestock interface is mainly responsible for the outbreaks in captive wild ungulates. The current study was planned to investigate an FMD outbreak in the wild ungulate species in the Jallo Wildlife Park and breeding facility, Lahore, Pakistan from Mar 2021- Jun 2021. The disease was confirmed based on ELISA through the detection of antibodies against the non-structural protein of FMD virus and typical clinical signs of oral and feet lesions, and even partial or complete hoof shedding in severe cases.

Assessment of Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, and Oxidative Stress of Dibutyl Phthalate on Cultured Bovine Peripheral Lymphocytes.

Recently, there have been numerous reports showing that phthalates have negative human health impacts and may cause several diseases such as asthma, breast cancer, obesity, type II diabetes, and male infertility. Animals are also exposed to phthalate through the environment and can cause adverse health effects on them. Several studies have been found on the cytogenetic effects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on different organisms but no documented evidence has been found on the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on bovine cultured lymphocytes.

Epi-Gene: An R-Package for Easy Pan-Genome Analysis.

The main aim of this study was to develop a set of functions that can analyze the genomic data with less time consumption and memory. Epi-gene is presented as a solution to large sequence file handling and computational time problems. It uses less time and less programming skills in order to work with a large number of genomes.

In Silico Analysis of Potential Outer Membrane Beta-Barrel Proteins in Pangenome.

Unlabelled: Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of have a variety of functional roles in virulence and pathogenesis and represent promising targets for vaccine development. The main objective of this study was to develop an in-silico model of beta-barrel OMP present among the valid pangenomes (n = 22). With a program named the β-barrel Outer Membrane Protein Predictor (BOMP), total beta-barrel OMPs (n = 3127) were predicted across 22 genomes with the estimated median number of 64 per genome.

Status of Bioinformatics Education in South Asia: Past and Present.

Bioinformatics education has been a hot topic in South Asia, and the interest in this education peaks with the start of the 21 century. The governments of South Asian countries had a systematic effort for bioinformatics. They developed the infrastructures to provide maximum facility to the scientific community to gain maximum output in this field.

Molecular Epidemiology and Clone Transmission of Carbapenem-Resistant in ICU Rooms.

Carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) is a major cause of nosocomial infections and hospital outbreaks worldwide, remaining a critical clinical concern. Here we characterized and investigated the phylogenetic relationships of 105 CRAB isolates from an intensive care unit from one hospital in China collected over six years. All strains carried , genes for carbapenem resistance, also had high resistance gene, virulence factor, and insertion sequence burdens.

Prevalence and Distribution Characteristics of and Genes in .

Background: Carbapenem-resistant infections have caused major concern and posed a global threat to public health. As and genes are the most widely reported carbapenem resistant genes in , it is crucial to study the prevalence and geographical distribution of these two genes for further understanding of their transmission mode and mechanism.

Purpose: Here, we investigated the prevalence and distribution of and genes in carbapenem-resistant strains from a tertiary hospital and from 1579 genomes available in the NCBI database, and further analyzed the possible core structure of or genes among global genome data.

Preliminary view of the global distribution and spread of the tet(X) family of tigecycline resistance genes.

Background: The emergence of plasmid-mediated tet(X3)/tet(X4) genes is threatening the role of tigecycline as a last-resort antibiotic to treat clinical infections caused by XDR bacteria. Considering the possible public health threat posed by tet(X) and its variants [which we collectively call 'tet(X) genes' in this study], global monitoring and surveillance are urgently required.

Objectives: Here we conducted a worldwide survey of the global distribution and spread of tet(X) genes.

Roles of three TonB systems in the iron utilization and virulence of the Aeromonas hydrophila Chinese epidemic strain NJ-35.

The TonB system functions in iron transport and has been identified in certain Gram-negative bacteria. Recently, we reported three TonB systems in the Aeromonas hydrophila Chinese epidemic strain NJ-35, but the functions of these systems have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In this study, we investigated the role of these TonB systems in A.

Comparative genome analysis provides deep insights into Aeromonas hydrophila taxonomy and virulence-related factors.

Background: Aeromonas hydrophila is a potential zoonotic pathogen and primary fish pathogen. With overlapping characteristics, multiple isolates are often mislabelled and misclassified. Moreover, the potential pathogenic factors among the publicly available genomes in A.

Inhibition of Aeromonas hydrophila-induced intestinal inflammation and mucosal barrier function damage in crucian carp by oral administration of Lactococcus lactis.

This study explored the immunomodulatory effect and inhibition effects of the candidate probiotic Lactococcus lactis 16-7, which was isolated from crucian carp, on Aeromonas hydrophila infection in crucian carp. The experimental fish were divided into two groups; one was fed a diet supplemented with L. lactis, while the other was fed the control probiotic-free diet.

Discovery of as a Global Regulator of Environmental Adaptation and Virulence in .

is an important aquatic microorganism that can cause fish hemorrhagic septicemia. In this study, we identified a novel LysR family transcriptional regulator (LahS) in the Chinese epidemic strain NJ-35 from a library of 947 mutant strains. The deletion of caused bacteria to exhibit significantly decreased hemolytic activity, motility, biofilm formation, protease production, and anti-bacterial competition ability when compared to the wild-type strain.

Diverse roles of Hcp family proteins in the environmental fitness and pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila Chinese epidemic strain NJ-35.

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) has been considered as a crucial factor in bacterial competition and virulence. The hemolysin co-regulated protein (Hcp) is the hallmark of T6SS. The secretion of Hcp in Aeromonas hydrophila Chinese epidemic strain NJ-35 indicated a functional T6SS.

Predation Enhances Environmental Adaptation of the Carp Pathogenic Strain NJ-35.

Persistence of in aquatic environments is the principle cause of fish hemorrhagic septicemia. Protistan predation has been considered to be a strong driving force for the evolution of bacterial defense strategies. In this study, we investigated the adaptive traits of NJ-35, a carp pathogenic strain, in response to predation.

The fight for invincibility: Environmental stress response mechanisms and Aeromonas hydrophila.

Aeromonas hydrophila is a freshwater-dwelling zoonotic bacterium that has economic importance in aquaculture. In the past decade, Aeromonas hydrophila has become increasingly important because of its emergence as a food-borne zoonotic pathogen that is resistant to different treatment regimes. Being an aquatic bacterium, Aeromonas hydrophila is frequently subjected to several stressful environmental conditions, including changes in temperature, acidic pH and starvation that challenge its survival.

Catecholamine-Stimulated Growth of Requires the TonB2 Energy Transduction System but Is Independent of the Amonabactin Siderophore.

The growth-stimulating effects of catecholamine stress hormones have been demonstrated in many pathogens. However, catecholamine-induced growth and its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood in . The present study sought to demonstrate that norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (Epi), dopamine (Dopa), and L-dopa stimulate the growth of in iron-restricted media containing serum.

Identification and Characterization of an Oligopeptidase Gene Negatively Related to Biofilm Formation.

Bacterial biofilms are involved in adaptation to complex environments and are responsible for persistent bacterial infections. Biofilm formation is a highly complex process during which multifarious genes work together regularly. In this study, we screened the EZ-Tn5 transposon mutant library to identify genes involved in biofilm formation of .

Molecular epidemiology and viral load of HCV in different regions of Punjab, Pakistan.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is highly infectious pathogen which is responsible for causing Hepatitis around 200 million individuals worldwide. In Pakistan, 4.7% of HCV prevalence has been reported and HCV genotype 3a has been found to be the major source of infection in Pakistan but still there is lack of information on distribution of HCV genotypes and viral load in various geographical regions of Pakistan.