Hypoglycaemia and acute stress-induced hyperinsulinaemia in mice infected with Bordetella pertussis or treated with pertussis toxin.

Intranasal infection of mice with a sublethal dose of Bordetella pertussis produced hypoglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. Exposure to ether vapour did not modify serum insulin concentrations in control mice, but produced a marked transient hyperinsulinaemia in mice infected with B. pertussis.

Role of insulin in the hypoglycaemic effect of sublethal Bordetella pertussis infection in mice.

Mice were infected intranasally with a sub-lethal dose of Bordetella pertussis organisms (1.2 x 10(5) colony forming units per mouse), control animals receiving the vehicle intranasally. The experiments were performed 14 days later.

Modification by oxygen free radical scavengers of the metabolic and cardiovascular effects of endotoxin infusion in conscious rats.

Since oxygen free radicals may have a role in the pathophysiology of endotoxin shock, we have studied the effects of a wide range of compounds (alpha-tocopherol, reduced glutathione, allopurinol, superoxide dismutase (alone or in combination with catalase) and phenyl butylnitrone) that can act either to remove free radicals as they are generated or to prevent their generation. The effects of these substances on the metabolic and cardiovascular responses to endotoxin were examined in conscious rats. The intravenous infusion of endotoxin (10 mg/kg i.

Lack of effect of BW755c on glucose-induced insulin secretion in the rat in-vivo.

Glucose-induced elevations in plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were examined in anaesthetized rats pretreated with BW755c, sodium meclofenamate or vehicle. Neither drug influenced the glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia or the glucose disappearance rate. The results do not support a physiological role for arachidonic acid metabolites in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion.

Chylomicrons from patients with type V hyperlipoproteinemia inhibit platelet function.

Platelet aggregation and [14C]serotonin release induced by collagen and also by ADP and thrombin were significantly decreased in patients with primary Type V hyperlipoproteinemia. Platelets derived from these patients lost their hyporesponsiveness to thrombin and ADP (but not to collagen) after washings and isolation from their plasma environment. On incubation of platelets derived from normolipidemic controls with plasma derived from patients, platelet aggregation and [14C]serotonin release were lowered by 20% and 30%, respectively.

Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of endotoxin infusion in conscious unrestrained rats: effects of methylprednisolone and BW755C.

Infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin (41.7 micrograms kg-1 min-1 i.v.

Plasma catecholamines during endotoxin infusion in conscious unrestrained rats: effects of adrenal demedullation and/or guanethidine treatment.

We have examined the effect of E coli endotoxin infusion (41 micrograms kg-1 min-1 iv for 4 h) on plasma concentrations of epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) in the conscious unrestrained rat. Saline infusion did not change catecholamine concentrations from the preinfusion values of 230.8 +/- 32.

Failure of drugs that selectively inhibit thromboxane synthesis to modify endotoxin shock in conscious rats.

The effects of two thromboxane synthetase inhibitors ( dazoxiben and UK 38485) were investigated on the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of Escherichia coli endotoxin infusion in the conscious, unrestrained rat. Infusion of E. coli endotoxin (41.

Evaluation of combined adrenal demedullation and chronic guanethidine treatment as a sympathectomy procedure for metabolic studies.

The usefulness of a combination of adrenal demedullation and treatment with guanethidine (25 mg kg-1 day-1, i.p. for 14 days) as a sympathectomy procedure for metabolic studies was investigated in the rat.

Dopaminergic suppression of pancreatic somatostatin secretion.

To characterize dopaminergic influences on pancreatic islet D cell function and its potential interaction with islet A and B cell function, the effect of dopamine (0.5-100 micro M) on immunoreactive somatostatin (IRS), insulin (IRI), and glucagon (IRG) release from rat islets incubated in vitro was studied. Dopamine significantly suppressed the release of IRS (P less than 0.

Effects of inhibitors of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake on plasma glucose and their interaction with 5-hydroxytryptophan in producing hypoglycaemia in mice.

The effects of various inhibitors of 5-HT uptake on plasma glucose have been studied in normal and monoamine oxidase inhibitor pretreated mice. Additionally their interaction with 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in producing hypoglycaemia was studied. Clomipramine, fenfluramine, fluoxetine, ORG 6582 (dl-8-chloro-11-anti-amino-benzo-(b)-bicyclo[3.

Some factors modifying the insulinotropic and cardiovascular effects of isoprenaline in the rat.

The effects of L-isoprenaline on plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and glucose concentrations were examined in pentobarbitone anaesthetized rats. When given by bolus injection hyperinsulinaemia was produced only by very large doses of isoprenaline (100-200 micrograms/kg). Infusion of isoprenaline allowed the demonstration of hyperinsulinaemia at low dose rates (0.

Bordetella pertussis-induced hyperinsulinaemia without marked hypoglycaemia: a paradox explained.

B. pertussis vaccine or pulmonary infection produced marked hyperinsulinaemia in mice relative to controls (e.g.

Exdotoxin-induced metabolic changes in the conscious, unrestrained rat: hypoglycemia and elevated blood lactate concentrations without hyperinsulinemia.

The effects of E coli endotoxin on the plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were studied in conscious unrestrained rats. Additionally the effects of endotoxin on glucose-induced elevations in the plasma IRI concentration and on the rate of disappearance of an intravenous glucose load were examined. After a transient and small hyperglycemia endotoxin administration resulted in a progressive, dose-dependent decrease in the plasma glucose concentration and a marked elevation of plasma lactate.

Further studies on the effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan on plasma glucose and insulin in the mouse.

The effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan on plasma concentrations of glucose and immunoreactive insulin were examined in conscious mice. Blood samples were obtained after anaesthetizing the mice lightly with ether at the desired time. Large doses of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) (200-400 mg/kg IV) produced a dose-dependent hypoglycaemic response in fasted mice (e.

In vitro metabolic effects of gliclazide and glibenclamide in the rat.

The actions of gliclazide and glibenclamide on glucose uptake and glycogen deposition by rat hemidiaphragm and glucose utilization by rat epididymal adipose tissue have been examined in vitro. Neither drug exerted an insulin-like action on muscle or adipose tissue with respect to glucose uptake, glycogen deposition or glucose utilization. Neither gliclazide nor glibenclamide augmented the stimulating action of insulin on glucose uptake or glycogen deposition in the rat hemidiaphragm.

Bordetella pertussis respiratory tract infection in the mouse: pathophysiological responses.

The influence of living Bordetella pertussis on the induction and duration of pathophysiological reactions in mice infected intranasally with graded doses of culture was studied. Lethally infected mice showed loss of body weight, spleen atrophy, pronounced hypothermia and hypoglycemia, and highly elevated levels of leukocytes and serum immunoreactive insulin. Sublethally infected mice showed normal weight gain, practically normal temperature, spleen enlargement, lesser pronounced hypoglycemia, lower but significantly elevated levels of leukocytes and serum immunoreactive insulin, and histamine sensitization.

Blockade of adrenaline-induced hyperglycaemia in the anaesthetized cat by continuous infusion of phentolamine and propranolol.

1 The effects of adrenoceptor blocking drugs on the metabolic responses to adrenaline infusion (1 microgram kg-1 min-1) have been studied in the anaesthetized, fasted cat. 2 Propranolol, in doses (0.25 or 1 mg/kg) which prevented completely adrenaline-induced tachycardia, reduced but did not abolish adrenaline-induced hyperglycaemia.