Efficacy of Ustekinumab and Vedolizumab Among Postoperative Crohn's Disease Patients as Postoperative Prophylaxis and Rescue Therapy: Real-world Data.

Background: Almost half of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) require bowel surgeries in their lifetime. Due to the high risk of postoperative disease recurrence and high rate of previous antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) failure, often alternative therapy options such as ustekinumab (UST) and vedolizumab (VDZ) are used. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of UST and VDZ among postoperative CD patients as postoperative prophylaxis and rescue therapy.

Granuloma Presence at Initial Surgery Predicts Need for Repeat Surgery Independent of Rutgeerts Score in Crohn's Disease.

Background: Approximately half of Crohn's disease (CD) patients experience recurrence and need for repeat resections, highlighting need for prognostic biomarkers. Presence of epithelioid granuloma on surgical tissue and high Rutgeerts endoscopic score are associated with postoperative CD clinical recurrence. We sought to evaluate presence of epithelioid granuloma at first surgery and Rutgeerts score as a combined risk assessment for CD surgical recurrence.

Comparative Safety of Biologic Agents in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease With Active or Recent Malignancy: A Multi-Center Cohort Study.

Background & Aims: Safety of biologic agents is a key consideration in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and active or recent cancer. We compared the safety of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonists vs non-TNF biologics in patients with IBD with active or recent cancer.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with IBD and either active cancer (cohort A) or recent prior cancer (within ≤5 years; cohort B) who were treated with TNFα antagonists or non-TNF biologics after their cancer diagnosis.

Acetylation of CCAR2 Establishes a BET/BRD9 Acetyl Switch in Response to Combined Deacetylase and Bromodomain Inhibition.

There continues to be interest in targeting epigenetic "readers, writers, and erasers" for the treatment of cancer and other pathologies. However, a mechanistic understanding is frequently lacking for the synergy observed when combining deacetylase and bromodomain inhibitors. Here we identify cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2 (CCAR2) as an early target for acetylation in colon cancer cells treated with sulforaphane.

Incidence of interval colorectal cancer attributable to an endoscopist in clinical practice.

Background And Aims: Endoscopists who encounter an interval colorectal cancer (I-CRC) may be concerned about the implications because I-CRCs may represent a lapse in colonoscopy quality and a missed opportunity for prevention. We wanted to determine the I-CRC rate per colonoscopy examination and to examine the effect of colonoscopy volume and adenoma detection rate (ADR) on the number of I-CRCs attributable to an endoscopist.

Methods: We determined the rate of I-CRC diagnosis per outpatient colonoscopy examination by measuring the incidence of CRC diagnosis in practice and by assessing, via literature review, the percentage of cancers that are interval.

Hepatocyte transplantation: Consider infusion before incision.

Human hepatocyte transplantation is undergoing study as a bridge, or even alternative, to orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). This technique has undergone multiple developments over the past thirty years in terms of mode of delivery, source and preparation of cell cultures, monitoring of graft function, and use of immunosuppression. Further refinements and improvements in these techniques will likely allow improved graft survival and function, granting patients higher yield from this technique and potentially significantly delaying need for OLT.

Oncogenic targets Mmp7, S100a9, Nppb and Aldh1a3 from transcriptome profiling of FAP and Pirc adenomas are downregulated in response to tumor suppression by Clotam.

Intervention strategies in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients and other high-risk colorectal cancer (CRC) populations have highlighted a critical need for endoscopy combined with safe and effective preventive agents. We performed transcriptome profiling of colorectal adenomas from FAP patients and the polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) preclinical model, and prioritized molecular targets for prevention studies in vivo. At clinically relevant doses in the Pirc model, the drug Clotam (tolfenamic acid, TA) was highly effective at suppressing tumorigenesis both in the colon and in the small intestine, when administered alone or in combination with Sulindac.

Development of a murine colonoscopic polypectomy model (with videos).

Background And Aims: Colonoscopy provides a means for screening and removal of colon adenomas, preventing such lesions from progressing to late-stage carcinoma. No preclinical model currently exists that closely parallels the clinical scenario with respect to polyp resection and recovery after endoscopy.

Methods: When we used the polyposis in rat colon (Pirc) model, a new polypectomy methodology was developed.

Evaluation of Chest X-ray and Thoracic Computed Tomography in Patients with Suspected Tuberculosis.

Objective: To investigate if there is any correlation between positive findings detected by posterior-anterior (PA) chest radiograph and thoracic computerized tomography (CT) in cases with suspected lung tuberculosis (TB) due to positive tuberculin skin test (TST) results.

Methods: This is a retrospective evaluation of the medical files of patients who visited the Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine from 2006, through 2011 as outpatients and had positive TST (>15 mm) results.

Results: A total of 326 patients were included in the study; 45.

Novel fibro-inflammation markers in assessing left atrial remodeling in non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

Background: Structural remodeling is associated with the fibroinflammatory process in the atrial extracellular matrix. In the present study we aimed to investigate whether serum levels of new circulating remodeling markers differ in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) compared to patients with sinus rhythm.

Material And Methods: The study population included 52 patients diagnosed with non-valvular AF and 33 age-matched patients with sinus rhythm.