The potential of oviduct tags and fine-scale acoustic telemetry to reveal the timing and location of spawning in Arctic salmonids (Salvelinus spp.).

Identifying and characterizing spawning locations are paramount for the protection of critical fish habitats but can be challenging, particularly in remote locations. Using the underexplored oviduct-tagging technique, we aimed to identify the timing and location of spawning for wild Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in two high-Arctic lakes in Nunavut. Specifically, Innovasea V7 acoustic telemetry transmitters were inserted into the oviducts of 13 Arctic char and 4 lake trout, and the timing and location of tag expulsion were determined using a fine-scale positioning system.

Tracking animal movements via collaborative acoustic telemetry networks: Multiscale habitat use, phenology, and management insights.

Estuaries support diverse fish and invertebrate communities, including resident species that rely on estuarine habitats year-round and transient migratory species. The unique movement patterns of these animals connect habitats within and far beyond the estuary and are integrally linked to fisheries management objectives. With a focus on Chesapeake Bay, this study leveraged data from collaborative acoustic telemetry networks in the northwest Atlantic to assess habitat use and phenology of movements for seven species of fish (cownose rays, dusky sharks, smooth dogfish, alewife, striped bass, common carp, and blue catfish) and one invertebrate (horseshoe crabs).

Monitoring post-spawning movement, habitat use, and survival of adult anadromous rainbow smelt using acoustic telemetry in a New Hampshire estuary.

Anadromous rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax, [Mitchill 1814]) are found along the northeast Atlantic coastline of North America, with their range now limited to north of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA. Although their anadromous life cycles are described broadly, gaps remain regarding how adult rainbow smelt use estuaries post-spawning, including movement behaviors, habitats used, and specific timing of emigration to coastal waters. In spring 2021, we used acoustic telemetry to characterize movements during and after the spawning season of rainbow smelt captured in tributaries to Great Bay, New Hampshire, USA, a large estuarine system near the southern edge of their range.

Bottlenose dolphin distribution in a Mediterranean area exposed to intensive trawling.

The Adriatic Sea is one of the areas most exposed to trawling, worldwide. We used four years (2018-2021) and 19,887 km of survey data to investigate factors influencing daylight dolphin distribution in its north-western sector, where common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus routinely follow fishing trawlers. We validated Automatic Identification System information on the position, type and activity of three types of trawlers based on observations from boats, and incorporated this information in a GAM-GEE modelling framework, together with physiographic, biological and anthropogenic variables.

Diversification and introgression in four chromosomal taxa of the Pearson's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus pearsoni) group.

Chromosomal variation among closely related taxa is common in both plants and animals, and can reduce rates of introgression as well as promote reproductive isolation and speciation. In mammals, studies relating introgression to chromosomal variation have tended to focus on a few model systems and typically characterized levels of introgression using small numbers of loci. Here we took a genome-wide approach to examine how introgression rates vary among four closely related horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus pearsoni group) that possess different diploid chromosome numbers (2n = 42, 44, 46, and 60) resulting from Robertsonian (Rb) changes (fissions/fusions).

Fecal Microbiome Associated with Both Colon Adenomas and Lifetime Colorectal Cancer Risk.

Background: Increasing data indicates the gut flora including bacteria and fungi combined with environmental factors are important in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Understanding differences in the microbiome in patients with colon neoplasia will foster the development of biomarkers for early detection.

Aims: Determine the association of microbiome with presence of adenomas and predicted CRC risk.

The movement ecology of fishes.

Movement of fishes in the aquatic realm is fundamental to their ecology and survival. Movement can be driven by a variety of biological, physiological and environmental factors occurring across all spatial and temporal scales. The intrinsic capacity of movement to impact fish individually (e.

ChiroVox: a public library of bat calls.

Recordings of bat echolocation and social calls are used for many research purposes from ecological studies to taxonomy. Effective use of these relies on identification of species from the recordings, but comparative recordings or detailed call descriptions to support identification are often lacking for areas with high biodiversity. The ChiroVox website (https://www.

Longitudinal monitoring in Cambodia suggests higher circulation of alpha and betacoronaviruses in juvenile and immature bats of three species.

Recent studies suggest that coronaviruses circulate widely in Southeast Asian bat species and that the progenitors of the SARS-Cov-2 virus could have originated in rhinolophid bats in the region. Our objective was to assess the diversity and circulation patterns of coronavirus in several bat species in Southeast Asia. We undertook monthly live-capture sessions and sampling in Cambodia over 17 months to cover all phases of the annual reproduction cycle of bats and test specifically the association between their age and CoV infection status.

Predation landscapes influence migratory prey ecology and evolution.

Migratory prey experience spatially variable predation across their life cycle. They face unique challenges in navigating this predation landscape, which affects their perception of risk, antipredator responses, and resulting mortality. Variable and unfamiliar predator cues during migration can limit accurate perception of risk and migrants often rely on social information and learning to compensate.

Infected juvenile salmon can experience increased predation during freshwater migration.

Predation risk for animal migrants can be impacted by physical condition. Although size- or condition-based selection is often observed, observing infection-based predation is rare due to the difficulties in assessing infectious agents in predated samples. We examined predation of outmigrating sockeye salmon () smolts by bull trout () in south-central British Columbia, Canada.

Antibacterial Mechanisms and Efficacy of Sarecycline in Animal Models of Infection and Inflammation.

Prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotic use is more likely to induce bacterial resistance and dysbiosis of skin and gut microflora. First and second-generation tetracycline-class antibiotics have similar broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Targeted tetracycline-class antibiotics are needed to limit antimicrobial resistance and improve patient outcomes.

A hepatitis B virus transgenic mouse model with a conditional, recombinant, episomal genome.

Background & Aims: Development of new and more effective therapies against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is limited by the lack of suitable small animal models. The HBV transgenic mouse model containing an integrated overlength 1.3-mer construct has yielded crucial insights, but this model unfortunately lacks covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), the episomal HBV transcriptional template, and cannot be cured given that HBV is integrated in every cell.

Patterns of foraging activity and fidelity in a southeast Asian flying fox.

Background: Improved understanding of the foraging ecology of bats in the face of ongoing habitat loss and modification worldwide is essential to their conservation and maintaining the substantial ecosystem services they provide. It is also fundamental to assessing potential transmission risks of zoonotic pathogens in human-wildlife interfaces. We evaluated the influence of environmental and behavioral variables on the foraging patterns of Pteropus lylei (a reservoir of Nipah virus) in a heterogeneous landscape in Cambodia.

Digestive Manifestations in Patients Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Background & Aims: The prevalence and significance of digestive manifestations in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain uncertain. We aimed to assess the prevalence, spectrum, severity, and significance of digestive manifestations in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

Methods: Consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were identified across a geographically diverse alliance of medical centers in North America.

Nipah virus circulation at human-bat interfaces, Cambodia.

Objective: To better understand the potential risks of Nipah virus emergence in Cambodia by studying different components of the interface between humans and bats.

Methods: From 2012 to 2016, we conducted a study at two sites in Kandal and Battambang provinces where fruit bats () roost. We combined research on: bat ecology (reproductive phenology, population dynamics and diet); human practices and perceptions (ethnographic research and a knowledge, attitude and practice study); and Nipah virus circulation in bat and human populations (virus monitoring in bat urine and anti-Nipah-virus antibody detection in human serum).

Somatic Liver Knockout (SLiK): A Quick and Efficient Way to Generate Liver-Specific Knockout Mice Using Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing.

Somatic liver knockout (SLiK) is a method developed to rapidly generate a liver-specific knockout of one or several genes. This technique combines the strengths of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and hydrodynamic tail-vein injection, a simple in vivo method for transfection of hepatocytes, to harness the powerful selection pressure of tyrosinemic livers to replace host hepatocytes with any desired gene deletion. In this protocol, we will describe sgRNA design and cloning, hydrodynamic tail-vein injection of targeting constructs, and screening and validation methods for efficient in vivo gene editing.

Using CRISPR/Cas9 to model human liver disease.

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing has revolutionised biomedical research. The ease of design has allowed many groups to apply this technology for disease modelling in animals. While the mouse remains the most commonly used organism for embryonic editing, CRISPR is now increasingly performed with high efficiency in other species.

primarily forages in residential areas in Kandal, Cambodia.

Bats are the second most species-rich Mammalian order and provide a wide range of ecologically important and economically significant ecosystem services. Nipah virus is a zoonotic emerging infectious disease for which pteropodid bats have been identified as a natural reservoir. In Cambodia, Nipah virus circulation has been reported in , but little is known about the spatial distribution of the species and the associated implications for conservation and public health.

Extreme temperature event and mass mortality of insectivorous bats.

A mass mortality event involving and bats occurred during a heat wave in April 2016 in Cambodia. This was investigated to clarify the causes of the die-off and assess the risk to public health. Field evidences, clinical signs, and gross pathology findings were consistent with a heat stress hypothesis.

Migratory coupling between predators and prey.

Animal migrations act to couple ecosystems and are undertaken by some of the world's most endangered taxa. Predators often exploit migrant prey, but the movements taken by these consumers are rarely studied or understood. We define such movements, where migrant prey induce large-scale movements of predators, as migratory coupling.

Whale and dolphin behavioural responses to dead conspecifics.

The scientific study of death across animal taxa-comparative thanatology-investigates how animals respond behaviourally, physiologically and psychologically to dead conspecifics, and the processes behind such responses. Several species of cetaceans have been long known to care for, attend to, be aroused by, or show interest in dead or dying individuals. We investigated patterns and variation in cetacean responses to dead conspecifics across cetacean taxa based on a comprehensive literature review.

Insectivorous bat reproduction and human cave visitation in Cambodia: A perfect conservation storm?

Cave roosting bats represent an important component of Southeast Asian bat diversity and are vulnerable to human disturbance during critical reproductive periods (pregnancy, lactation and weaning). Because dramatic growth of cave tourism in recent decades has raised concerns about impacts on cave bats in the region, we assessed the reproductive phenology of two insectivorous species (Hipposideros larvatus sensu lato and Taphozous melanopogon) at three caves in Cambodia for 23 months in 2014-2016 and evaluated human visitation to these sites between 2007 and 2014. Despite the differing foraging strategies employed by the two taxa, the temporal consistency observed in proportions of pregnant, lactating and juvenile bats indicates that their major birth peaks coincide with the time of greatest cave visitation annually, particularly for domestic visitors and namely during the Cambodian new year in April.