MR staging of rectal cancer: Comparison between the 2012 and 2016 European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) Guidelines.

Purpose: To compare the adherence of the interpretation and reporting staging system, respectively proposed in the 2012 and 2016 European Society of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology (ESGAR) Guidelines for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) staging of rectal cancer, focusing on the improvement offered by the criteria introduced by 2016 ESGAR guidelines.

Method: Fifty-six patients affected by rectal cancer were included; 25/56 patients underwent upfront surgery; 31 underwent to neo-adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy before surgery. All patients underwent 3 T MRI examination for local staging.

The Current Role of Single-Site Robotic Approach in Liver Resection: A Systematic Review.

Background: Liver resection is a critical surgical procedure for treating various hepatic pathologies. Minimally invasive approaches have gradually gained importance, and, in recent years, the introduction of robotic surgery has transformed the surgical landscape, providing potential advantages such as enhanced precision and stable ergonomic vision. Among robotic techniques, the single-site approach has garnered increasing attention due to its potential to minimize surgical trauma and improve cosmetic outcomes.

IRON: A retrospective international multicenter study on robotic versus laparoscopic versus open approach in gallbladder cancer.

Objective: For patients with T1b gallbladder cancer or greater, an adequate lymphadenectomy should include at least 6 nodes. Studies comparing short- and long-term outcomes of the open approach with those of laparoscopy and robotic approaches are limited, with small sample sizes, and there are none comparing laparoscopic and robotic approaches. This study compared patients who underwent robotic, laparoscopic, and open resection of gallbladder cancer, evaluating short- and long-term outcomes.

Robotic Hepatectomy plus Biliary Reconstruction for Bismuth Type III and Type IV Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: State of the Art and Literature Review.

Background: In Bismuth type III and IV Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma (III-IV HC), surgical resection is the only chance for long-term survival. As the surgical procedure is complex and Robotic-Assisted Surgery (RAS) may be particularly suitable in this setting, the aim of this study is to evaluate the potential benefits of RAS in III-IV HC in terms of post-operative outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA checklist for article selection.

A scan of all coding region variants of the human genome, identifies 13q12.2-rs9579139 and 15q24.1-rs2277598 as novel risk loci for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Coding sequence variants comprise a small fraction of the germline genetic variability of the human genome. However, they often cause deleterious change in protein function and are therefore associated with pathogenic phenotypes. To identify novel pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) risk loci, we carried out a complete scan of all common missense and synonymous SNPs and analysed them in a case-control study comprising four different populations, for a total of 14 538 PDAC cases and 190 657 controls.

The PANcreatic Disease ReseArch (PANDoRA) consortium: Ten years' experience of association studies to understand the genetic architecture of pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer has an incidence that almost matches its mortality. Only a small number of risk factors and 33 susceptibility loci have been identified. so Moreover, the relative rarity of pancreatic cancer poses significant hurdles for research aimed at increasing our knowledge of the genetic mechanisms contributing to the disease.

Genetic and non-genetic risk factors for early-onset pancreatic cancer.

Background: Early-onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC) represents 5-10% of all pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases, and the etiology of this form is poorly understood. It is not clear if established PDAC risk factors have the same relevance for younger patients. This study aims to identify genetic and non-genetic risk factors specific to EOPC.

Minimally Invasive Surgery for the Treatment of Moderate to Critical Acute Pancreatitis: A Case-matched Comparison With the Traditional Open Approach Over 10 years.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare short-term and midterm outcomes between patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) treated with minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and patients treated with open necrosectomy (ON).

Materials And Methods: We compared data of all patients who had undergone MIS for AP with a similar group of patients with ON patients between January 2012 and June 2021 using a case-matched methodology based on AP severity and patient characteristics. Inhospital and midterm follow-up variables, including quality-of-life assessment, were evaluated.

Surgical treatment of recurrent retroperitoneal sarcoma in its different patterns: A 15-years' two-centers experience.

Introduction: There is limited data available regarding the role of surgery in the treatment of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) recurrences. We herein report the short- and mid-term outcomes of patients who underwent surgical treatment of RPS recurrences at two Italian centers over a 15-years' experience.

Materials And Methods: From January 2005 to January 2020, 33 patients underwent surgical treatment of isolated locally recurrent RPS (LR group), locally recurrent RPS associated with the presence of distant recurrence (LR + DM group), and distant-only recurrent RPS (DM group).

Initial 50 consecutive full-robotic pancreatoduodenectomies without conversion by a single surgeon: a learning curve analysis from a tertiary referral high-volume center.

Background: Several studies report on a learning curve for robotic pancreatoduodenectomy (R-PD) ranging between 20 and 80 operations, with conversion rates varying between 1.1 and 35%. However, as these publications mostly refer to initial robotic experiences and do not take into account the previous surgical background in pancreatic surgery (PS) and in robotic-assisted surgery (RAS), the center's volume, as well as the platform used, we aimed to perform a surgical outcomes analysis with a particular view to these aspects.

Surgery combined with intra-operative microwaves ablation for the management of colorectal cancer liver metastasis: A case-matched analysis and evaluation of recurrences.

Background: Hepatic resection is the only chance of cure for a subgroup of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis. As the oncologic outcomes of intra-operative microwaves ablation combined with hepatic resection still remain uncertain in this setting, we aimed to compare this approach with surgery alone in patient's candidate to metastases resection with radical intent.

Methods: Using a case-matched methodology based on age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiology score, Body Mass Index, and burden that take in consideration the number and maximum size of lesions, 20 patients undergoing hepatic resection plus intra-operative microwaves (SURG + IMW group) and 20 patients undergoing hepatic resection alone (SURG group), were included.

Comparison of different pancreatic stump management strategies during robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy.

Background: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) represents the most feared complication after distal pancreatectomy, and the possible role of robotic assistance in this setting is poorly investigated so far.

Methods: We analysed short-term outcomes of 88 patients who had undergone robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy (RDP), dividing them according to pancreatic stump management: selective Wirsung duct ligation/hand sewn suture (WirsLIG group), use of robotic EndoWrist staplers (RobSTAP group), and use of laparoscopic staplers (LapSTAP group).

Results: Mean operative time resulted significantly longer in WirsLIG group (291.

Pattern of recurrence and survival after D2 right colectomy for cancer: is there place for a routine more extended lymphadenectomy?

Background: Conventional Right Colectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy (RC-D2) currently represent the most common surgical treatment of right-sided colon cancer (RCC). However, whether it should be still considered a standard of care, or replaced by a routine more extended D3 lymphadenectomy remains unclear. In the present study, we aim to critically review the patterns of relapse and the survival outcomes obtained from our 11-year experience of RC-D2.

A "tailored" interventional and surgical management for moderate to critical acute pancreatitis in late phase: a cohort study.

Purpose: Several interventional procedures are available to treat moderate-to-critical acute pancreatitis (AP) in its late phase. The ongoing debate on these options, together with the scarcity of reported quality of life (QoL) information in the Literature, prompted us to conduct a review of our experience.

Methods: All the patients treated at our referral Center for moderate-to-critical AP according to Determinant-Based Classification (DBC) were retrospectively reviewed.

In Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Alpha-Synuclein Increases and Marks Peri-Neural Infiltration.

α-Synuclein (α-syn) is a protein involved in neuronal degeneration. However, the family of synucleins has recently been demonstrated to be involved in the mechanisms of oncogenesis by selectively accelerating cellular processes leading to cancer. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal human cancers, with a specifically high neurotropism.

Technical details for a robot-assisted hand-sewn esophago-gastric anastomosis during minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy.

Background: Minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (MIILE) provides better outcomes than open techniques, particularly in terms of post-operative recovery and pulmonary complications. However, in addition to requiring advanced technical skills, thoracoscopic access makes it hard to perform esophagogastric anastomosis safely, and the reported rates of anastomotic leak vary from 5 to 16%. Several minimally invasive esophago-gastric anastomotic techniques have been described, but to date strong evidence to support one technique over the others is still lacking.

Perioperative Nutritional Aspects in Total Pancreatectomy: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

Total pancreatectomy (TP) is a highly invasive procedure often performed in patients affected by anorexia, malabsorption, cachexia, and malnutrition, which are risk factors for bad surgical outcome and even may cause enhanced toxicity to chemo-radiotherapy. The role of nutritional therapies and the association between nutritional aspects and the outcome of patients who have undergone TP is described in some studies. The aim of this comprehensive review is to summarize the available recent evidence about the influence of nutritional factors in TP.

Treatment of completely obstructed anastomosis after low rectal resection A trans-anal plus endoscopic trans-colostomy rendez-vous approach and a review of the literature.

Aim: Completely obstructed anastomosis (COA) after low rectal resection (LRR) represents a rare entity difficult to manage. We herein summarize the available evidence from literature on the treatment of this condition and we report our particular experience in the management of a completely obstructed colon-anal anastomosis (CAA) with a trans-anal plus endoscopic trans-colostomy rendez-vous approach.

Methods: The Pub-Med database was inquired from inception to October 2019 about the treatment of COA after LRR reported in English literature.

Minimally invasive distal pancreatectomy: a case-matched cost-analysis between robot-assisted surgery and direct manual laparoscopy.

Background: Few studies have reported a structured cost analysis of robotic distal pancreatectomy (RDP), and none have compared the relative costs between the robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) and the direct manual laparoscopy (DML) in this setting. The aim of the present study is to address this issue by comparing surgical outcomes and costs of RDP and laparoscopic distal pancreatectomies (LDP).

Methods: Eighty-eight RDP and 47 LDP performed between January 2008 and January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.

Ileo-colic intra-corporeal anastomosis during robotic right colectomy: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of different techniques.

Purpose: Robotic assistance could increase the rate of ileo-colic intra-corporeal anastomosis (ICA) during robotic right colectomy (RRC). However, although robotic ICA can be accomplished with several different technical variants, it is not clear whether some of these technical details should be preferred. An evaluation of the possible advantage of one respect to another would be useful.