Study on Mudcake disintegration in clayey strata during shield tunneling: Effects of dispersants and bentonite slurry.

While tunnel boring machines (TBMs) tunneling in clayey strata, the adhered excavated soil on the cutterhead and cutting tools tends to form mudcake after compaction and consolidation. Mudcake can obstruct the cutterhead openings and rendering the cutting tools ineffective, leads to a substantial reduction in advance rate. Dispersants are recognized as an effective method for the disintegration of mudcakes.

Improved electrical transport properties of polycrystalline La(CaSr)MnO ceramics by AgO doping.

Polycrystalline La(CaSr)MnO:mol%Ag (LCSMO:Ag , = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.