drives the polarization of macrophages by regulating the RhoA-MAPK signaling pathway and thus affects liver fibrosis.

Unlabelled: is a small parasite that causes alveolar echinococcosis. It primarily induces liver disorder, such as liver fibrosis and even liver cancer, which severely endangers human lives. This study aims to explore the efficacy of soluble antigen in preventing and alleviating alveolar echinococcosis-induced liver fibrosis and determine the underlying mechanism.

Mechanism of Fibrosis Induced by spp.

Infection with spp. causes fibrosis in various vital organs, including the liver and lungs. Hepatic fibrosis is a pathological feature of infection that destroys normal liver tissue, leading to jaundice, cholecystitis, portal hypertension, etc.

The MAPK Signaling Pathways as a Novel Way in Regulation and Treatment of Parasitic Diseases.

Few major advances in fighting parasitic diseases have been made in China since the development of new methods for prevention, control, and elimination. However, the proportion of immunocompromised individuals has increased due to the growth of chronic diseases, population aging, and more frequent cases of patients with AIDS and cancer. All these problems can promote development of parasitic infections, which is commonly associated with manipulation of host signaling pathways and the innate immune system.