Formulation of three tailed bacteriophages by spray-drying and atomic layer deposition for thermal stability and controlled release.

Deep infection is the second most common complication of arthroplasty following loosening of the implant. Antibiotic-loaded bone cements (ALBCs) and high concentrations of systemic broad-spectrum antibiotics are commonly used to prevent infections following injury and surgery. However, clinical data fails to show that ALBCs are effective against deep infection, and negative side effects can result following prolonged administration of antibiotics.

Demonstration of Tunable Control over a Delayed-Release Vaccine Using Atomic Layer Deposition.

Many vaccines require multiple doses for full efficacy, posing a barrier for patient adherence and protection. One solution to achieve full vaccination may be attained with single-administration vaccines containing multiple controlled release doses. In this study, delayed-release vaccines were generated using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to coat antigen-containing powders with alumina.

A Single Dose, Thermostable, Trivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Formulated Using Atomic Layer Deposition.

Formulations of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16, 18, and 31 L1 capsomere protein antigens were spray dried to obtain glassy microspheres that were then coated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) with nanometer-thin protective layers of alumina. Spray-drying was used to formulate human papillomavirus (HPV) 16, 18, and 31 L1 capsomere protein antigens within glassy microspheres to which nanoscopic protective layers of alumina were applied using ALD. Suspensions of alumina-coated, capsomere-containing microparticles were administered in a single dose to mice.

Atomic-Layer Deposition Processes Applied to Phage λ and a Phage-like Particle Platform Yield Thermostable, Single-Shot Vaccines.

Especially in developing countries, the impact of vaccines can be limited by logistical obstacles associated with multiple dose regimens, pathogen variants, and challenges imposed by requirements for maintaining vaccines at low temperatures during shipping and storage. Thus, there is a need for vaccines that can be flexibly modified to address evolving pathogen landscapes, are stable outside of narrow "cold-chain" temperatures and require administration of only single doses. Here we demonstrate in proof-of-concept studies a vaccine platform that addresses these impediments to more widespread use of vaccines.

The Veterinary Treatment Facility as a Readiness Platform for Veterinary Corps Officers.

Introduction: U.S. Army Veterinary Corps provides highly skilled and adaptive veterinary professionals to protect and improve the health of people and animals while enhancing readiness throughout the DOD.

Single-administration, thermostable human papillomavirus vaccines prepared with atomic layer deposition technology.

Cold-chain requirements affect worldwide distribution of many vaccines. In addition, vaccines requiring multiple doses impose logistical and financial burdens, as well as patient compliance barriers. To address such limitations, we have developed new technologies to prepare thermostable, single-shot, prime-boost microparticle vaccines.

Highly dispersed Co deposited on AlO particles via CoCp + H ALD.

Highly dispersed cobalt atoms were deposited on porous alumina particles using atomic layer deposition (ALD) with a CoCp/H chemistry at approximately 7 wt%. H did not completely reduce the cyclopentadienyl organic ligands bound to deposited Co atoms at ALD reaction conditions. A sharp decline in Co deposited per cycle for two or more ALD cycles indicates that much of the AlO surface is sterically blocked from further CoCp deposition after the first CoCp exposure.

Low Heat of Adsorption of Ethylene Achieved by Major Solid-State Structural Rearrangement of a Discrete Copper(I) Complex.

The trinuclear copper(I) pyrazolate complex [Cu ] rearranges to the dinuclear analogue [Cu ⋅(C H ) ] when exposed to ethylene gas. Remarkably, the [Cu ]↔[Cu ⋅(C H ) ] rearrangement occurs reversibly in the solid state. Furthermore, this transformation emulates solution chemistry.

Corrigendum: Monocyte-induced recovery of inflammation-associated hepatocellular dysfunction in a biochip-based human liver model.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/srep21868.

Recruitment of CD16(+) monocytes to endothelial cells in response to LPS-treatment and concomitant TNF release is regulated by CX3CR1 and interfered by soluble fractalkine.

Fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1) is a regulator of leukocyte recruitment and adhesion, and controls leukocyte migration on endothelial cells (ECs). We show that FKN triggers different effects in CD16(+) and CD16(-) monocytes, the two major subsets of human monocytes. In the presence of ECs a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulus led to a significant increase in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-secretion by CD16(+) monocytes, which depends on the interaction of CX3CR1 expressed on CD16(+) monocytes with endothelial FKN.

Monocyte-induced recovery of inflammation-associated hepatocellular dysfunction in a biochip-based human liver model.

Liver dysfunction is an early event in sepsis-related multi-organ failure. We here report the establishment and characterization of a microfluidically supported in vitro organoid model of the human liver sinusoid. The liver organoid is composed of vascular and hepatocyte cell layers integrating non-parenchymal cells closely reflecting tissue architecture and enables physiological cross-communication in a bio-inspired fashion.

A human macrophage-hepatocyte co-culture model for comparative studies of infection and replication of Francisella tularensis LVS strain and subspecies holarctica and mediasiatica.

Background: Francisella tularensis, a gram-negative bacterium replicates intracellularly within macrophages and efficiently evades the innate immune response. It is able to infect and replicate within Kupffer cells, specialized tissue macrophages of the liver, and to modulate the immune response upon infection to its own advantage. Studies on Francisella tularensis liver infection were mostly performed in animal models and difficult to extrapolate to the human situation, since human infections and clinical observations are rare.

Band Bending Inversion in Bi2Se3 Nanostructures.

Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations were studied under high magnetic field in Bi2Se3 nanostructures grown by chemical vapor transport, for different bulk carrier densities ranging from 3 × 10(19) cm(-3) to 6 × 10(17) cm(-3). The contribution of topological surface states to electrical transport can be identified and separated from bulk carriers and massive two-dimensional electron gas. Band bending is investigated, and a crossover from upward to downward band bending is found at low bulk density as a result of a competition between bulk and interface doping.

A microfluidically perfused three dimensional human liver model.

Within the liver, non-parenchymal cells (NPCs) are critically involved in the regulation of hepatocyte polarization and maintenance of metabolic function. We here report the establishment of a liver organoid that integrates NPCs in a vascular layer composed of endothelial cells and tissue macrophages and a hepatic layer comprising stellate cells co-cultured with hepatocytes. The three-dimensional liver organoid is embedded in a microfluidically perfused biochip that enables sufficient nutrition supply and resembles morphological aspects of the human liver sinusoid.

Enhanced Hydrogen Production from DNA-Assembled Z-Scheme TiO2-CdS Photocatalyst Systems.

A wide range of inorganic nanostructures have been used as photocatalysts for generating H2. To increase activity, Z-scheme photocatalytic systems have been implemented that use multiple types of photoactive materials and electron mediators. Optimal catalysis has previously been obtained by interfacing different materials through aggregation or epitaxial nucleation, all of which lowers the accessible active surface area.

Air-gating and chemical-gating in transistors and sensing devices made from hollow TiO2 semiconductor nanotubes.

Rapid miniaturization of electronic devices down to the nanoscale, according to Moore's law, has led to some undesirable effects like high leakage current in transistors, which can offset additional benefits from scaling down. Development of three-dimensional transistors, by spatial extension in the third dimension, has allowed higher contact area with a gate electrode and better control over conductivity in the semiconductor channel. However, these devices do not utilize the large surface area and interfaces for new electronic functionality.

High ethene/ethane selectivity in 2,2'-bipyridine-based silver(i) complexes by removal of coordinated solvent.

Following removal of coordinated CH3 CN, the resulting complexes [Ag(I) (2,2'-bipyridine)][BF4 ] (1) and [Ag(I) (6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine)][OTf] (2) show ethene/ethane sorption selectivities of 390 and 340, respectively, and corresponding ethene sorption capacities of 2.38 and 2.18 mmol g(-1) when tested at an applied gas pressure of 90 kPa and a temperature of (20±1) °C.

Microfluidically supported biochip design for culture of endothelial cell layers with improved perfusion conditions.

Hemodynamic forces generated by the blood flow are of central importance for the function of endothelial cells (ECs), which form a biologically active cellular monolayer in blood vessels and serve as a selective barrier for macromolecular permeability. Mechanical stimulation of the endothelial monolayer induces morphological remodeling in its cytoskeleton. For in vitro studies on EC biology culture devices are desirable that simulate conditions of flow in blood vessels and allow flow-based adhesion/permeability assays under optimal perfusion conditions.

Air-pressure tunable depletion width, rectification behavior, and charge conduction in oxide nanotubes.

Metal-oxide nanotubes provide large surface areas and functionalizable surfaces for a variety of optical and electronic applications. Here we report air-tunable rectifying behavior, depletion width modulation, and two-dimensional (2D) charge conduction in hollow titanium-dioxide nanotubes. The metal contact forms a Schottky-diode in the nanotubes, and the rectification factor (on/off ratio) can be varied by more than 3 orders of magnitude (1-2 × 10(3)) as the air pressure is increased from 2 mTorr to atmospheric pressure.

Copper plasmonics and catalysis: role of electron-phonon interactions in dephasing localized surface plasmons.

Copper metal can provide an important alternative for the development of efficient, low-cost and low-loss plasmonic nanoparticles, and selective nanocatalysts. However, poor chemical stability and lack of insight into photophysics and plasmon decay mechanisms has impeded study. Here, we use smooth conformal ALD coating on copper nanoparticles to prevent surface oxidation, and study dephasing time for localized surface plasmons on different sized copper nanoparticles.

Long-chain metabolites of α-tocopherol occur in human serum and inhibit macrophage foam cell formation in vitro.

Despite intensive research the physiological role and molecular mechanisms of action of the lipophilic antioxidant α-tocopherol (α-TOH) are still poorly understood. Hepatic α-TOH catabolism results in intermediate formation of the long-chain metabolites (α-LCMs) α-13'-hydroxy- and α-13'-carboxychromanol (α-13'-OH and α-13'-COOH). We propose that α-LCMs have biological functions that need further exploration.

SORBS2 and TLR3 induce premature senescence in primary human fibroblasts and keratinocytes.

Background: Genetic aberrations are required for the progression of HPV-induced cervical precancers. A prerequisite for clonal expansion of cancer cells is unlimited proliferative capacity. In a cell culture model for cervical carcinogenesis loss of genes located on chromosome 4q35→qter and chromosome 10p14-p15 were found to be associated with escape from senescence.

Heterozygosity for lysosomal acid lipase E8SJM mutation and serum lipid concentrations.

Background And Aim: The complete absence of the lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) enzyme function causes Wolman's Disease that is fatal within the first six months of life. Subtotal defects cause Cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD), an autosomal recessive disorder leading to hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, micronodular cirrhosis, combined hyperlipidemia with low HDL-cholesterol, increased risk for atherosclerosis, premature death. Since the frequency of the Exon 8 splice junction mutation (c.

H2 separation using defect-free, inorganic composite membranes.

Defect-free, microporous Al(2)O(3)/SAPO-34 zeolite composite membranes were prepared by coating hydrothermally grown zeolite membranes with microporous alumina using molecular layer deposition. These inorganic composite membranes are highly efficient for H(2) separation: their highest H(2)/N(2) mixture selectivity was 1040, in contrast with selectivities of 8 for SAPO-34 membranes. The composite membranes were selective for H(2) for temperatures up to at least 473 K and feed pressures up to at least 1.